indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's future; one's fate; one's way; one's path
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
infancy; childhood; tender age
than; from; out of; except; but; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
engagement; betrothal; marriage contract
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
remote mountain; mountain recesses
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
festivities; celebration; wedding; marriage ceremony
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
flute; fife; pipe; whistle
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
practice; practising; training; study
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
returning to the service of one's master
succession to headship of a family
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to be called; to do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very