Eiroku era (1558.2.28-1570.4.23)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
legitimate son (esp. eldest son); heir
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
to face (each other); to be facing; to be directed toward (the future, etc.); to be in response to; to receive (a client, etc.); to compare with
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to bring in; to take in; to approach (someone) with (a proposal, offer, problem, etc.); to bring; to bring (to another stage); to take (e.g. to court, to extra time, to a play-off)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
while crying; tearfully; in tears
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
deceased; late; dead; departed
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
war; battle; match; game; competition
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to evade (question, subject); to ward off; to avert; to put aside
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
to send word (to); to write (to); to hand over (one's business to a successor); to transfer; to tell (one's successor) about
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up