in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
this family; our family; this house; we
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
live-in domestic service; live-in apprenticeship; public duty; public service
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; person with a strong backbone; person that does incredible things; person of considerable talent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
why; how; for what reason
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to state; to express; to say; to tell; to mention
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do