in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
this family; we; this house
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
live-in domestic service; live-in apprenticeship; public duty; public service
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to state; to express; to mention
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look forward to something
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all