benevolent rule; moratorium on debts
command; order; dictation; nth year in the Reiwa era (May 1, 2019-)
informal summer clothes for men (short jacket and trousers)
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
(within a) territory; domains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
farmer; peasant; farming; the common people
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
proclamation; promulgation
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
cancellation; writing off (a debt); indicating a long sound in kana; tug o' war; tug of war
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
to emboss; to print out; to print; to work out (e.g. policy); to hammer out; to strike (a drum indicating the end of a performance)
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
remote mountain; mountain recesses
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
furious opposition; strong opposition; vehement protest
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
arrowhead; target of a flying arrow; brunt (of an attack); the very moment (when); the point (of doing)
the Dragon (fifth sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Dragon (around 8am, 7-9am, or 8-10am); east-southeast; third month of the lunar calendar
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to ask for; to apply for; to make an application for; to file a request for; to submit (e.g. one's resignation)