to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
to wrench open; to prize open; to pick (lock)
government forces; loyalist army
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Kumamoto (city, prefecture)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
Saigou Takamori (1828.1.23-1877.9.24)
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
government forces; government troops
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
near; nearby; not far off
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
district; county; district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryo period)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
riches; wealth; resources; lottery
situated deep in the mountains
settlement; village; community; (bacterial) colony
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
brewing; distilling; wine-making
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
old family; old-established family; one's old home; one's childhood home
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
first cry of a newborn baby