gold mine; treasure trove; golconda; (lit.) mountain of treasures
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
one night; one evening; all night; overnight
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
how; in what way; by what means
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
concreteness; feasibility
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary