year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
blessings of nature; nature's bounty; gifts of nature
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to (be able to) make contact; to (be able to) get in touch
society; the world; the times
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to repeat; to do something over again
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus); domestic chicken; chicken meat
singing voice; (sound of) singing
railway track; railway line; railroad; railway; track; line
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
speaking voice; talking voice
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
monaural; monophonic; mono