indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
really; truly; indeed; good grief
will not do; do not; does not
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
hey there; I say; see here
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
than; from; out of; except; but; more
elder sister; effeminate man
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sudden turn; sudden change; (suddenly occurring) accident; emergency
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
society; the world; the times
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to repeat; to do something over again
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding