isn't it great?; carnival-like religious celebrations (e.g. dancing festivals) that occurred across Japan from June 1867 to May 1868
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
disorder; chaos; confusion; mayhem
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
existence; possession; having; limited company
splendid horse; promoted bishop
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
how; in what way; how about
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
type of household amulet or talisman, issued by a Shinto shrine, hung in the house for protection
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
cooking, esp. frying or stir-frying; heating; tempering; -ware
Mutsu (former province located in present-day Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori prefectures)
society; the world; the times
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to become desperate; to give in to despair
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
person who is ...; thing that is ...
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)