splendid horse; promoted bishop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Saturday; earth; dirt; land; lands; earth (third of the five elements)
oath; pledge; pact; covenant; alliance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
person who is ...; thing that is ...
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.); discipline; solidarity
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Tosa (former province located in present-day Kochi Prefecture)
han (estate of a daimyo in the Edo and early Meiji periods); feudal domain; fief; province
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
restoration of imperial rule
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
current master; father of one's current master; minister (of government); noble; (arch.) nobleman's residence
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter