Takashima Shuuhan (1798-1866)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to make an effort; to be zealous
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
kan (obs. unit of weight, approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); kan (obs. unit of currency, equiv. to 1000 mon in the Edo period; col. 10 mon in the Meiji period); counter for pieces of sushi; 10 points; 12 points
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come out all right; to take care of itself; to be OK
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
then; and then; and; if so; because then; if that's the case
(some) more; even more; longer; further
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
dyer's knotweed (Persicaria tinctoria, used to produce indigo dye); indigo (dye); indigo (colour)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
of course; certainly; naturally
counter for leaves, pieces of paper, etc.; (arch.) counter for boats
poor crop; bad harvest; crop failure; low quality (e.g. of literary works)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...