indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
head of family; head house; sōke; founder (of a style, etc.); originator
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
directly; in person; firsthand
offering an opinion (to a superior, the government, etc.); proposal; suggestion; advice
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
long (time that has passed); old (story)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
to call (someone) to (the door, phone, etc.); to tell (someone) to come; to call up (on the phone); to invoke (e.g. a subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
like this; this sort; this way
questions and answers; dialogue
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)