indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hug someone close; to hold someone tight; to embrace closely
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
please (give me); please (do for me)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to be shut; to close; to be locked; to tighten; to be tightened; to become sober
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
genuine; authentic; true; real
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
not knowing when to give up; being a bad loser
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?