bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
in that way; thus; so; so?
very; extremely; excessively
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
for better or worse; for good and bad; regardless of merit; both good and bad
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and