young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
to slide; to slip off; to get dislocated; to drag; to pull
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
to strengthen; to beef up; to put on a firm basis; to ensure; to secure
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
righteous government; just rule; easy method; simple approach; orthodox way; proper way
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
route (bus, train, air, etc.); line; line (taken by a group, organization, etc.); policy; course
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
than; from; out of; except; but; more
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
groping (for); fumbling around (for); searching (for an answer, solution, etc.); trying to find
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
heart; guts; nerve; central part
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean