to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
footprints; record of page visitors (e.g. in social networking sites)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
in the early period (of something); at the beginning
unexpectedly; surprisingly
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
inheritance; succession to property
in regard to; concerning (usu. of disputes)
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
one copy (of a document); one letter; one-way traffic; pure straight; winning hand containing nine consecutive tiles of the same suit (i.e. 1-9)
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
may I come in?; please forgive me; I'm sorry
hello; good day; good afternoon
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to give; to offer; to lift up; to hold up; to raise
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give