to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to find out; to discover; to detect
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
arm; skill; efforts; ability
to anticipate; to expect; to place confidence in; to put trust in; to find promising; to see good prospects (in)
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
invitation; introduction; temptation
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
member of shogun's council of elders
violence; oppression; high-handedness; tyranny; despotism
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
common people; ordinary people; masses
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
in this way; thus; such; uh...
secret; clandestine; covert; spy (for a daimyo, shogun, etc.); secret agent
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
wood (for building); lumber; timber
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...