until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
to pick up; to adopt (e.g. a proposal); to accept; to take away; to confiscate; to deliver (a baby)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
hogging; having all to oneself; monopolising; monopolizing
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
sister-in-law (spouse's older sister or older brother's wife); older stepsister; older adopted sister; non-blood-related older sister
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bad person; villain; scoundrel; wrongdoer; wicked person
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to carry (something) under cover; to carry concealed
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
had better ...; had better not ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah