finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
change (personnel); transfer; reshuffle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
arrowhead; target of a flying arrow; brunt (of an attack); the very moment (when); the point (of doing)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
particularly; only; in the case of
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
all; entire; whole; altogether
settlement; solution; resolution
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
telephone call; speaking over the telephone; (Internet) voice call; counter for telephone calls of a set duration
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...