indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
magazine; journal; periodical
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
contribution (e.g. to newspaper)
to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant; to be latent
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
strength; power; proficiency; ability
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
one passage; one paragraph; one stanza; one verse; one section (of a piece of music); one syllable
already; now; no longer; not any more
postwar period; period after Second World War
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
(starting) from nothing; from scratch
post-war recovery; post-war reconstruction
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
break; pause; halt; (temporary) stop
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
time; season; period; phase; stage
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
meaning; significance; sense
at that time; in those days
Economic Planning Agency (1955-2001)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
white paper (government report)
making (a report, plan, contract, etc.); drawing up; writing out; preparing; creating (a file, website, account, etc.)
to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
rapid economic growth (esp. that of Japan in the post-WWII period)
argument; discussion; theory (e.g. of evolution); doctrine; essay; treatise