indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to finger; to touch; to make changes to; to tinker with; to dabble in; to do as a hobby
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
dweller; inhabitant; resident; user (of a website)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
alone; by oneself; on one's own
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
rather; better; instead; if anything
rejoicing; glorification; exultation; celebration; enjoyment; singing praises
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...