country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
paradise; heaven; Kingdom of Heaven
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
national border; provincial border
each nation; many nations; many countries
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
international; diplomatic intercourse
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
our country; our land; one's own country
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
one country; whole country; hotheaded; stubborn
various countries; various regions; various provinces
motherland; fatherland; native country
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country
outside the country; abroad
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
country; territory; domain; realm
all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation
(United States of) America; USA; US
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
dukedom; duchy; principality
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
our country; our land; one's own country
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
international; worldwide; cross-border; cosmopolitan
National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); legislative assembly; parliament
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic
southern country; southern provinces; southern lands
national convention; national competition; national athletic meet
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
nationality; citizenship; nationality (ship, airplane, etc.); registration; flag
Japan; the (Japanese) empire
national defence; national defense
three countries; Three Kingdoms (in China, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms (in Korea, 57 BCE-668 CE); (arch.) Japan, China and India; (arch.) Japan, Korea and China
one's home country; one's homeland
various foreign countries; several foreign countries
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world
domestic and foreign; inside and outside the country
domestic; domestically-produced; produced within a country
northern country; northern provinces; northern regions; northland
all over Japan; throughout Japan
national (e.g. hero, pastime, consensus); relevant to all citizens; popular on a national level
to manage a state; to govern a country
surrounding countries; neighboring countries; neighbouring countries
deportation; expulsion from the country
eastern country; eastern provinces; Kanto provinces
federation; federal state; United States of America
advanced (developed) country; advanced nations
vassal state; vassal nation; dependency
government management; state management
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
patriot devoted to the salvation of his country
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
member of the Diet; Diet member; member of parliament; MP
strong nation; powerful country
state secrets; secrets of the state
neighboring countries; neighbouring countries; surrounding countries
international community; international society; the world
patriotic feelings; patriotism
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
Records of the Three Kingdoms; Annals of the Three Kingdoms
every region of the country; all corners of the country; nationwide
foreigner; stranger; outsider; alien
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
power of the state; government authority
land of the gods; Japan; Heaven
defense of one's country; defence of one's country
dreamworld; dreamland; la-la land
national polity; National Athletic Meet
beauty; siren; courtesan; prostitute
child who has returned to Japan after living abroad; returnee child; (Japanese) person who lived abroad during (part of) their childhood
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
Japanese citizen; Japanese citizens
international law; law of nations
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
that country; (arch.) nirvana
love of one's country; patriotism; Ireland
language of one's country; mother tongue; native language
Briton; Englishman; (the) English
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
indigenous person; inhabitant of a country; local; native; local lords and samurai; daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
national character; regional character
national traits or character; nationality
independent state; independent nation
national crisis; national disaster
partner country; other country (in a dispute, arrangement, etc.); opponent (country)
national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
national parliament or congress building (e.g. National Diet Building (Japan), United States Capitol (USA), Houses of Parliament (UK), etc.)
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
patriotic concern for the future of one's country
smuggling oneself into a country; illegal immigration
exotic mood; exotic atmosphere; exoticism
national defence forces; national security forces
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
country with a constitutional government; constitutional state; country where the rule of law prevails; system based on the rule of law
imperial soldier; soldier in an imperial army
same country; same province; the (said) country
emerging market; emerging nation; emergent nation; developing country; developing nation
subversion (of the state)
all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations
distant land; remote country; province far from the capital
our country; our land; one's own country
a country whose laws are based on religious criteria; theocracy
citizens of one's own country; fellow countrymen; compatriots
traitor (to one's country); quisling
member nation; member state; signatory
immigration check; immigration inspection
border patrol; border guard; border guards
hades; realm of the dead; the next world
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang); provincial office (under the ritsuryo system); provincial capital
between both countries; bilateral
study of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture; (arch.) provincial school (under Japan's ritsuryo system and pre-Sui Chinese law)
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
Department of Defense (USA); the Pentagon; Ministry of Defence (UK, etc.)
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
multinational; transnational
one's native country; land of one's birth
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
worldwide; common to the whole world; universal
Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane)
daimyo in the Warring States period
Department of Defense (U.S.); the Pentagon
national expenditure; government spending; public funds
civilized nation; civilised nation
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
national railway; Japan National Railways (1949-1987)
national sport (e.g. sumo)
fellow countryman; compatriot; person from the same province; person from said country
state-supported provincial temple (Nara period)
European countries; European nations
domestic air route; domestic airline (company)
state funeral; national funeral
nation at war; militant nation
the world and the nation; the state of the world; high affairs of state
galactic empire (in science fiction)
pedestrian mall; car-free mall; (lit.) pedestrian paradise
Western countries; (former) Western Bloc countries
constitution of Japan; Japanese constitution
feudal lord; head of a household; proudly independent person
of unknown nationality (of a vessel, plane, etc.); unidentified
minister of state; cabinet minister (Japan)
governments of various nations of the world
the life of the people; the people's living
that country; (arch.) nirvana
foreign (product, esp. agricultural); of foreign manufacture
unpatriotic person; traitor (to one's country)
Manchukuo (Japanese Manchurian puppet state; 1932-1945)
Japanese nationality; Japanese citizenship
the various countries of Europe and America; the West
history of a nation; Japanese history
(former) imperial university
to betray one's country (to an enemy)
provincial governor (under the ritsuryo system, any of a group of officials, esp. the director)
fairyland; never-never land
hypothetical or imaginary enemy
organs of the state; machinery of the state
national mood; national sentiment; national feeling
Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Empire
Empire of Japan (Japan's official name under the Meiji Constitution)
to enter into diplomatic relations
national certification; national qualification; government certification
illegal entry (into a country); illegal immigration
Secretary of Defence (Defense)
undeveloped country; third world country
the fate of a nation; life-or-death (situation) for a nation; national crisis
international politics; world politics
National Diet Library; Library of Congress
modern state; modern nation
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922); Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist Party); Kuomintang
foreigner; alien; stranger
emigration and immigration
the Third Reich; Nazi Germany
Holy Roman Empire (800-1806)
Chinese (lineage, ancestry, ethnicity, etc.); Sino-
all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation
(possession of) one feudal domain and one castle; being independent (acting without compromise or assistance); establishing only one castle in each feudal domain (edict issued by the shogunate in 1615)
economic superpower; economic powerhouse
Immigration Bureau; Immigration Office
whole nation; entire nation; all the people
marquisate; marquessate; principality
United Nations (UN) Headquarters
national paper; paper with a national circulation
democratic nation; democratic country
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
national network broadcast; nation-wide broadcast
(going straight) from heaven to hell
scholar of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture
the Six Kingdoms (of China's Warring States period: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao); the six tree-derived incense varieties used in kōdō ceremonies
United Nations General Assembly; General Assembly of the United Nations
queendom; country ruled by a queen
Yamataikoku; historical Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period
foreign cinema; foreign film; a foreign movie
power of the state; national sovereignty; sovereign rights
domestically produced car
father of one's country; father of the nation
national glory; Ralls Genet (cultivar of apple); Ralls Janet; Rawls Jennet
extraordinary Diet session; extraordinary session of the Diet; session of the Diet convoked by the Cabinet by need or house request
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
neighboring country; neighbouring country; provinces close to Kyoto (under ritsuryo system)
international organization; international organisation
Japan; name for Japan used in ancient China
Toyo (former province located in present-day Ōita and Fukuoka prefectures; later split into Buzen and Bungo provinces); affluent country; rich country
ordinary session of the Diet
selling out one's country; betraying one's country; treason
host country (e.g. for a conference)
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
national ownership; state ownership; government ownership
distinguished citizen; patriot
defense minister; defence minister
elementary school (in Japan; 1941-1947)
diplomatic message sent by a head of state; sovereign letter; book written in Japanese (as opposed to Chinese, etc.); Japanese book; national literature (of Japan)
stranger; person from another place
the Big Three (countries)
revenue office; taxation bureau
United Nations Security Council
Republic of China (Taiwan); ROC
nationalization; nationalisation
national emblem; (national) coat of arms
regional administrator (pre-Taika hereditary title)
gross domestic product; GDP
entrant (into a country); immigrant
Asian countries; Asian nations
city electric train service operated by (former) Japanese National Railways
permanent member of the UN Security Council
world fair; international exposition
national finance; central government finance
breakup of diplomatic relations; diplomatic break
national fortunes; destiny of a country
city-state (e.g. Vatican)
democracy; democratic nation
oil-producing countries (nations)
agricultural country; agrarian nation
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
National Tax Agency (Japan); national taxation agency (e.g. IRS)
selection by the state (esp. of a defense lawyer); appointment; assignment
unparalleled in Japan and China and India
Axis powers (World War II)
rich country; national enrichment
government-run television; public television
Committee of the National Diet
countries concerned (involved)
Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL
nationalism; extreme patriotism
multiracial nation; multiethnic country
state socialism; Nazism; national socialism
tour round the country (Japan) (visiting from province to province)
International Space Station
turbulent (troubled) times; turbulent war period
foreign travel; overseas trip
People's Republic of China
bilateral relations; relationship between two countries
defence expenditure; defense expenditure; defence cost; defense cost
People's Honour Award (honor); National Honour Award
Japan; name for Japan used in ancient China
National Public Safety Commission
state-sponsored; national
multinational corporation; transnational corporation
national assembly (esp. France)
warring nations; belligerents
host country (e.g. for a meeting); chair country
Three Kingdoms period (of Chinese history, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history, 57 BCE-668 CE)
mainland China; China proper
foreign citizenship; foreign nationality
internal (to a country); interior; home; national; domestic
foreign trade; external trade
distinguished person; thirteen orphans; winning hand containing one of each terminal and honor tile plus one extra copy of any of them
forced relocation of a daimyo to a different domain (Edo period); change of constituency (politician); change of district
country of origin; country of manufacture
municipal (civic) law; domestic law; national law
state of a country (population, resources, etc.); condition of a country; strength of a country
other nations; other peoples
internal (domestic) affairs
entirely domestically produced; 100% domestically made
national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)
skilled physician; noted doctor; master
Okuninushi; deity of magic and medicine later viewed as equivalent to Daikokuten and celebrated at Izumo Grand Shrine
traveling throughout the country (travelling)
gods of the land; earthly deities
Arab countries; Arab states
various countries; several countries
one's home; one's native province
international cooperation; international harmony
National Security Council
sovereignty of the people
political offence; political offense
international border dispute
to hoist the national flag
country; state; various countries
distant country; heaven; hades
constitutional functions (of the emperor)
international trade; international trading
national pension; government pension system
ancient nation; homeland; one's native land; birthplace
multilateral; multinational
food universally loved by all citizens; comfort food
Interpol notice (circulation)
(Republic of) China (i.e. Taiwan)
foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation
United Arab Emirates; UAE
visiting one's constituency; (arch.) feudal lord's return to his estate
nationalistic; ultranationalistic
international film festival
departure (sailing) formalities
boasting of one's hometown
National Mobilization Law (1938)
Constitution of the Empire of Japan; Meiji Constitution
making a country prosperous; prosperous country; Kōkoku era (of the Southern Court) (1340.4.28-1346.12.8)
smuggling oneself out of a country
foreign (exchange) student; international student
National Medical Practitioners Qualifying Examination
provincial dialect; local accent
international organization; international organisation
incense variety used in kōdō (orig. from Thailand)
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
Okuninushi; deity of magic and medicine later viewed as equivalent to Daikokuten and celebrated at Izumo Grand Shrine
industrialized nation; industrialised nation
department of Japanese literature
government news; state-run news
life in a foreign country; living abroad
enhancing national prestige; expanding national influence
world state; world federation
Vatican City; Vatican City State
international competitiveness; global competitiveness
uncivilized country; savage land
international mail; overseas mail
National Public Safety Commission
state sovereignty; national sovereignty
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
national health insurance
(South) Korean cooking; (South) Korean food
immigration (and emigration) control
international cooperation
one's native language; one's mother tongue
among countries; between countries
departure inspection (when leaving a country)
to go to heaven; to be called to heaven
Republic of Korea; South Korea
hades; realm of the dead; the next world
International Court of Justice; ICJ
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
Japanese government bond; JGB
federation of states; confederation of nations
continental state (e.g. Australia)
to violate the border; to invade the frontier district
returnee; homecomer; person who has returned (home) to their country
business in the Diet; managing Diet affairs
nation-wide hookup; nationwide broadcast
various countries; several countries
international law in time of war
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang)
Country of Na (a country that existed within Japan during the Yayoi period)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
nuclear power; nuclear state
country with a high level of culture
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism
International Monetary Fund; IMF
public holiday; national holiday
Shikoku region (incl. Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kochi prefectures)
taste for the exotic; infatuation with a foreign way of life; exoticism
federation; federal state; United States of America
distant country; heaven; hades
Eastern European countries
(Japanese) National Defense Council (1956-86) (Defence); National Security Council (USA)
deficit-covering (government) bond
Anglican Church; Church of England
State Shintō; nationalistic form of Shinto, formerly the official religion of Japan
United Nations resolution; UN resolution
ruler of a country; sovereign; monarch
(former) Eastern Bloc countries
international agreement; accord
dual nationality; dual citizenship
government; administration
permanently neutral country
country of origin (of goods)
various countries; several countries
Kibi (former province located in present-day Okayama and parts of Hiroshima, Hyōgo and Kagawa prefectures; later split into Bizen, Bitchu and Bingo provinces)
laws established by daimyo applicable only in their own domain (during the Warring States period)
gods of the land; earthly deities
national land development (e.g. building infrastructure, roads, etc.)
(the three) Baltic states; Baltic countries
national strategic special zone
Japanese philology; Japanese linguistics
official writing system of a country; official script; kana (as opposed to kanji); Japanese syllabary; kanji created in Japan (as opposed to China); Japanese-made kanji
immigration officer; immigration inspector
Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
non-permanent member (UN Security Council)
international broadcast(ing)
fairyland; never-never land
cosmopolitan (international) way of thinking; feeling for the wider world
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
The Confederate States of America; The Confederacy; CSA
Korean Empire (1897-1910)
signatory nation; treaty power; party to a treaty; contracting state
the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes
foreign delegation; foreign mission; diplomatic envoy
non-member state; non-member nation
National Public Service Act
summons to appear before the Diet
International Criminal Court; ICC
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); DPRK
state-owned enterprise; SOE
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
spiritual protection of the state
(arch.) provincial governor's office; provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
disease affecting an entire nation
International Committee of the Red Cross
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
land of everlasting summer
Triple Intervention (diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany and France over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki)
international balance of payments
monarchy; monarch and nation
medical insurance for the whole nation
fairyland; never-never land
major agricultural country; agricultural power; agripower
cold country; cold region
re-entry (into a country)
international driving permit; international drivers' license; international license
internationally-minded person; cosmopolitan; cosmopolite; international celebrity
Imperial Japanese Navy (1872-1945)
Chūgoku Retaliation (military maneuver by Hideyoshi Hashiba in 1582)
member countries (e.g. treaty, UN, etc.); member states
one's debt to one's country
island country mentality; insular spirit; insularism; insularity
aim to make a country a travel destination
foreign route; ocean route
least developed country; poorest country
permanent national policy
El Dorado; legendary land of wealth
parliamentary investigation rights
Great Patriotic War (Russian name for the war along the eastern front during World War II)
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
Tsukushi (former province that was split up into Chikuzen and Chikugo)
inexpensive hotel operated by a local government
Mughal Empire; Mogul Empire
nationalization; nationalisation
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
International Atomic Energy Agency; IAEA
Vatican City; Vatican City State
transition to domestic production; import substitution
world exposition; international exposition; world fair
international exposition; world expo; world fair
Japanese language (as a school subject in Japan)
warm country; warm region
shrine honoring war dead; shrine honouring war dead
civilized world; civilised world
democratic state; (a) democracy
to administer the affairs of state
state of national emergency
diplomatic recognition (of a country)
Japanese Language Council
province of the lowest rank (ritsuryo system); (arch.) leaving for the provinces
South Korean national living in Japan
province of the second highest rank (ritsuryo system); provinces close to the capital
United Nations Secretariat
UN Charter; Charter of the United Nations
citizen's holiday; by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays (e.g. between 1985 and 2006 May 4, now Greenery Day)
poor country; third world country; impoverished nation
national, prefectural and other public universities and colleges
patriotic song; The Patriotic Song (e.g. Aegukga, national anthem of South Korea)
Dhrtarastra (Buddhist deity)
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation
member country of the executive committee in an international organization (organisation)
Islamic state (state where shari'a law is enforced); Islamic country
national textbooks; textbook published by the government
as a nation; with the whole country
destroy a country, but its mountains and rivers remain; the land outlasts the king
bilingual; in two languages
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
government bonds for retail investors
one-state socialism (Stalinist theory); socialism in one country
the people of all nations
national review (referendum on a legal matter)
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
pilgrimage of the Saigoku-Sanjūsansho (33 temples in the Kinki region)
patriotic group or organization (organisation)
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864)
special Diet session; special session of the Diet; Diet session required to be convoked within thirty days of a general election
State Council (of the People's Republic of China)
most favored nation treatment; most favoured nation status
annexation of Korea (by Japan; 1910-1945)
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
province-wide uprising (Muromachi period)
ethnically homogeneous nation; racially homogeneous nation
Sixteen Kingdoms (collection of sovereign states in and around China; 304-439 CE); Sixteen Kingdoms period
Immigration Services Agency (of Japan); Immigration Bureau of Japan
88 temples of Shikoku (holy spots related to Kobo Daishi)
forced relocation of a daimyo to a different domain (Edo period); change of constituency (politician); change of district
unfailing devotion to one's country
gross national product; GNP
creditor country; creditor nation
German Democratic Republic (i.e. former East Germany)
United Nations Security Council
national of a third country; foreigner (esp. Chinese and Korean) resident in Japan
national or local pride; the pride of one's native place
Japanese orphans left behind in China (after WWII); war-displaced Japanese in China
international language; world language; global lingua franca; constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
as a nation; with the whole country
Oncorhynchus nerka kawamurae (rare Japanese subspecies of sockeye salmon)
Rikkokushi; the six ancient Japanese historical collections compiled between the Nara and Heian periods
once-powerful nation now in decline; great nation grown old
international military tribunal
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
country that has been a victim of nuclear bombing
Islamic countries; Islamic world
British person; British citizen; Briton
the rising generation; children
imported (transmitted) from China
choice of nationality; choice of citizenship
developing country; emerging nation
member state of the European Union; EU country
Nordic countries; Scandinavian countries
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
Islamic country; Islamic nation
national research and development agency
xenophobia; exclusion (of foreigners)
state examination (e.g. medical school)
multiple citizenship; multiple nationality
Model United Nations; Model UN
international politics (as a field of study)
remainder of the Diet session after the creation of the budget
Koshi (former province located in present-day Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures; later split into Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo)
Bank for International Settlements; BIS
houses of the Diet being controlled by different parties; (lit.) twisted parliament
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (of China; 907-979)
one country, two systems (Chinese policy allowing for areas such as Hong Kong to maintain their own economic and administrative systems)
place names used during the Ritsuryo period
government-controlled corporation
Director of National Intelligence (USA); DNI
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
foreign good; foreign product
bilingual; in two languages
policy of increasing national prosperity and military power
principle (or ideology) of international cooperation
Latin Empire (Constantinople, 1204-1261)
National Institute of Health Sciences; NIHS
Chinese Civil War (1927-1937, 1946-1949)
destroy a country, but its mountains and rivers remain; the land outlasts the king
rogue nation; rogue state
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
government-financed or sponsored foreign student
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
history of Japanese literature
anniversary of founding (of PRC); national celebration time
subject nation; subordinate state; dependency
Buddhist country; the land of Buddha; Buddhist paradise
International Whaling Commission; IWC
International Military Tribunal for the Far East; IMTFE; Tokyo Trials
signatory (country); party (to a treaty)
United Mexican States (Mexico)
university of foreign studies; university specializing in foreign languages
Federal Republic of Germany (former West Germany)
returning to one's fatherland
Hi (former province located in present-day Nagasaki, Saga and Kumamoto prefectures; later split into Hizen and Higo provinces)
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation); FAO
bilingual; in two languages
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; USSR; Soviet Union
Republic of the Philippines
international romantic relationship
Chinese room (artificial intelligence thought experiment)
National Foundation Day (national holiday; February 11)
Mughal Empire; Mogul Empire
translation from a foreign language into Japanese
debt-servicing costs; expenditure for servicing government bonds
Interscholastic Athletic Meet; inter-school athletics competition
Japanese and Chinese literature
national rural police (1947-1954)
Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)
all things have the Buddha nature
nationwide instantaneous alert system; J-Alert system; Japan's satellite-based disaster warning system
national treatment; treating foreigners and locals equally
country of origin; ethnicity
foreign residents of Japan; foreigners living in Japan
domestically produced rice
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara)
provincial dialect; local accent
hades; realm of the dead; the next world
international organization
biographical notes and character sketches of prominent individuals, arranged according to place of birth or origin
national of a third country; foreigner resident in Japan (esp. Chinese and Korean)
Seven Warring States (Chinese history); Seven Kingdoms
Japanese National Railways (1949-1987)
Japan, the Land of Abundant Rice
international humanitarian law; IHL
English, Mathematics and Japanese
Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia)
transnational organized crime; TOC
Japan's National High School Baseball Tournament (Koshien)
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
policy favouring major powers; policy of great powers favorable only to themselves
rogue nation; rogue state
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
one's country of assignment (e.g. for an ambassador)
party to an entente; ally
national rural police (1947-1954)
international maritime signal flags; international signal flag
provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
international tension; international tensions
internally displaced person
International Mathematical Olympiad
home and country; state; country; home town
international cultural exchange
national interests and the people's welfare
national, public, and private
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
mail from abroad; foreign mail; overseas mail
foreign corporation; overseas company
foreign trainee system; technical intern training program
bilingual; in two languages
Principality of Liechtenstein
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
Great Qing Empire (China, 1644-1912); Qing dynasty
unavailability of online content or services in one's country (e.g. due to licensing agreements); geo-blocking
sinophone world; Chinese-speaking world
debtor nation; debt-laden country; debtor country
International Maritime Organization (Organisation); IMO
protectorate (country); dependency; dependent state
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
state sponsor of terrorism; state that sponsors or supports terrorism
non-Japanese celebrity; foreigner celebrity
gross national income; GNI
emperor-centered historiography (of Japan)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party)
international waters; high seas
National Revolutionary Army (Republic of China; 1925-1947)
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (in Japan); SCAP
reservation of Japanese nationality (procedure used with children born outside Japan)
those who wish to rule the land must first cultivate their own characters, then manage their families, then govern their states; only then can they bring peace to the land
internationally protected animal
official name of a country
Chinese alcohol; Chinese spirits
national pride; national prestige
domestic timber; domestically-produced lumber
prospects of a country; outlook for a country; national fate
state (sponsored) terrorism
foreign loan; foreign debt; foreign bond
one's hometown; one's birthplace; one's native region
International Covenants on Human Rights; ICCPR; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ICESCR
bilingual; in two languages
underdeveloped country; half-civilized country; half-civilised country
Hellenic Republic (Greece)
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
international reply-paid coupon
eventful times for the nation; the nation being in turmoil; the storm clouds gathering in the land
Kuninotokotachi no Mikoto (eternal god of the land)
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KSA
Patriotic War (Russian name for the war with Napoleon in 1812)
system of Japanese provinces under the ritsuryo system; ancient provinces of Japan
Nazism; national socialism
national border; provincial border
Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS
international service; international affairs
international disaster relief team; international emergency aid unit
Okuni kabuki; progenitor of modern kabuki, developed by Izumo Taisha shrine maiden Izumo no Okuni and popularized in Kyoto (early Edo period)
certificate of alien registration; alien registration card
national law; laws of a nation; national rites and ceremonies; Japanese literature
United Nations Secretariat
undeveloped country; third world country
bilingual; in two languages
Japanese reading of a kanji (sometimes esp. in ref. to readings that do not correspond to the orig. Chinese meaning of the kanji)
traditional Chinese medicine
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
national humiliation; national disgrace
alien registration card; foreigner registration card
record of Diet proceedings
Tripartite Pact (between Japan, Germany and Italy in WWII)
national citizen identification number system
state capitalism; national capitalism
multilateral conference; multilateral negotiations
traveling throughout the country (travelling)
international money transfer; overseas remittance
United Nations Environment Programme (Program); UNEP
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation
state sponsor of terrorism
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
Assistant Secretary of State
(a woman of) unparalleled beauty; (a woman's beauty being) matchless throughout the land
out of touch with the voters; indifferent to the concerns of the people
International Standard Book Number; ISBN
disembarkation card; entry card; arrival card; immigration card; landing card; incoming passenger card
various countries; several countries
international monitoring team; IMT; international observers
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
Democratic National Committee (US); DNC
country closed to information from the outside world
small country with a small population (The Chinese philosopher Lao-tze's ideal of a state)
International Baccalaureate; IB
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
(school) admission category for students who have lived abroad
international comparison; country-by-country comparison
United Nations convention
international political economy
governing a nation and providing relief to people
private international law; conflict of laws
Republic of the Marshall Islands
the question of national defense (defence)
bilingual; in two languages
United Nations Development Program; UNDP
(Japanese) National Land Agency
Orange Free State (1854-1902)
financial contributions to the UN made by member-nations
provincial maps of Japan (Edo period)
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty (1910)
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
Federative Republic of Brazil
Congo Free State (1885-1908 name of the Belgian Congo)
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party)
treaty power; treaty signatory
shrine receiving offerings from the provincial government (pre-Meiji) or the national treasury (post-Meiji)
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Irish Free State (1922-1937)
Nihon Ryōiki (Heian period collection of Buddhist stories); An Account of Miracles in Japan; Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition
with one's country in ruins
regional power; powerful nation within region
Islamic republic (Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mauritania)
kanji "box" or "country" radical (radical 31); radical consisting of an enclosing box
friendly powers; treaty powers
domestic locations (e.g. of a company); domestic bases
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
United Republic of Tanzania
committee of the National Diet
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
state-run television station
home currency rate; denominated in local currency
domestic; of domestic manufacture
international parcel post (Japan Post international mail service for packages weighing less than 30 kg)
national health insurance
stalled session of the Diet (Japanese Parliament)
studying (temporarily) at another institution (in the same country as the institution one belongs to); studying or researching at an institution while still employed
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
International Women's Day
bilingual; in two languages
white-listed country; country on a list of preferred trading partners
Burakumin rights organization formed in 1922
Japanese grammar (esp. traditional)
gross real national product; real GNP; RGNP
international driving permit; international driver's license
government subsidy; state aid; state assistance
real gross domestic product; real GDP
International System of Units; SI
national; citizen; native
enfranchisement of foreign residents; voting rights for foreign residents
British disease; Britain's 1970s economic and labour problems
National Requisition Ordinance (1939)
least developed country; LDC
national border; provincial border
day of national humiliation (used in China for certain anniversaries of incidents where Japan humiliated China)
former imperial university
Yamataikoku; historical Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period
various countries; several countries
global roaming (mobile telephone); international roaming
international peace cooperation
Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)
Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL
bilingual; in two languages
bilingual; in two languages
boasting of one's hometown
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism
Hi (former province located in present-day Nagasaki, Saga and Kumamoto prefectures; later split into Hizen and Higo provinces)
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
houses of the Diet being controlled by different parties; (lit.) twisted parliament
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
atlas moth (Attacus atlas)
ultra-nationalist; hot-tempered person; stubborn person
finger millet (Eleusine coracana)
Hellenic Republic (Greece)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis); sweet shrimp; northern pink prawn; red shrimp; Maine shrimp
most favored nation; most favoured nation; MFN
overseas (military forces)
high contracting powers; signatories
North China barbarian nations
international aid organization (organisation)
nationality clause; legislated ban on foreigners taking up public posts
Director General of National Land Agency
domestic standard; local standard
(immigration) re-entry permit
multilingual; in many languages
Japan International Cooperation Agency (1974); JICA
least developed among developing nations
least developed among developing nations
inviting country; host nation
national vacation village
gross national expenditure; GNE
issues pertaining to a nation's script (e.g. standardization of kanji in Japanese)
(Britain's) Lord Privy Seal
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
Universal Copyright Convention
sale of one's belongings before returning to one's country; sayonara sale
proletarian internationalism
Foreign Exchange Control Law
authorized foreign exchange bank; authorised foreign exchange bank
foreign tax amount reduction
foreign postal money order
based on a nation's people; popular base
Korea Composite Stock Price Index; KOSPI
industrialized countries; industrialised countries
international financial market
international arrest warrant
international peace activity
International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP
national health insurance program (programme)
UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission; UNMOVIC
United Nations Human Rights Commission
National Dentistry Examination
American depositary receipt; ADR
Confederate States of America; CSA
autonomous soviet socialist republic; ASSR
soviet socialist republic; SSR
people's socialist republic
people's democratic republic
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Republic of Guinea-Bissau
(former) Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic; Georgian SSR; GSSR
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations; CLAIR
peninsular country (e.g. Italy, Korea)
saving a nation and providing relief to the people
dynamics of international (foreign) relations
Japan International Cooperation Agency; JICA
Comprehensive National Development Plan (1962-)
net national product; NNP
Kuomintang (Taiwanese Nationalist Party)
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
member states of the former Soviet bloc
international jurisdiction
advanced industrial nation
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
net domestic product; NDP
net national welfare; NNW
certification of information recorded on foreign resident registration file
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UN Special Session on Disarmament
UN Economic and Social Council
official languages of the UN (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish)
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
United Nations Secretary-General
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
United Nations Environment Program; UNEP
United Nations Economic and Social Council
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
departure permit; exit visa
Japan; ancient name for Japan appearing in the Kojiki
Japan; ancient name for Japan appearing in the Kojiki
Japan; ancient name for Japan appearing in the Kojiki
departure card; embarkation card; emigration card
dual citizen; person having dual citizenship or nationality
province-district-neighbourhood administrative divisions (ritsuryo system)
National Government Organization Act
National School Establishment Law (1949)
small-scale version of the 88 temples of Shikoku (Awaji Island, Shōdoshima, etc.)
National Critical Technology
international bibliography
International Serials Data System; ISDS
International Electrotechnical Commission; IEC
international standardization
International Organization for Standardization; ISO
International Standard Serial Number; ISSN
Universal Character Set; UCS
physical delivery country name
Ottoman constitution of 1876
international criminal law
positive international law
international contract (agreement)
customary international law
isolation paradise (esp. unique products without foreign competition)
United Nations Human Rights Council; UNHRC
each ministry thinks only of its own good, but not of the good of the country; (lit.) when there are ministries, there is no country
United Nations Security Council
domestic equilibrium; internal balance; internal equilibrium
United Nations Special Commission; UNSCOM
national disposable income
country bumpkin; someone from the same part of the country
weakened border; porous border; open border
national development arterial expressway
International Nuclear Event Scale; INES
assistant language teacher; ALT; foreign national serving as an assistant teacher of English in a Japanese classroom
nationwide election campaign
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969)
defense outlay; defense spending
two-country model (esp. China and Taiwan); two-country doctrine
international marketing; global marketing
medium-term government securities fund; middle term national bond fund
national language; state language
internationally protected bird
millenarianism; millennialism; chiliasm
national traits; national character
National Government Defrayment Act for Reconstruction of Disaster-Stricken Public Facilities
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
National Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1986)
state-owned forests and fields
King of Na gold seal (National Treasure of Japan)
international division of labor; international division of labour; international specialization
god who controls a country's territory; god who rules a country
foreign stock; foreign equity
imported rice; foreign rice
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law
foreign stock ownership ratio; foreign stockholding ratio
foreign stock ownership ratio; foreign stockholding ratio
loss of citizenship; denaturalization; expatriation
sinology; Chinese studies
construction state; civil engineering state; country dominated by the construction industry
National Military Establishment (forerunner to the U.S. Department of Defense; 1947-1949)
pro-democracy movement in China
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
overseas posting; expatriate (employee); expat
Temps Atomique International; International Atomic Time; TAI
public sector (as opposed to private sector)
feudal lord who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
pseudo-foreign company; company based abroad but whose main country of business is Japan
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Control Trade Law
Diet session up to the creation of the budget
anniversary of the death of an emperor or empress
General Assembly of the United Nations; United Nations General Assembly
Chinese white pear (Pyrus x bretschneideri); ya pear; pearple
staunchly conservative area; (lit.) kingdom of conservatism
non-oil producing countries; non-oil nation
departure tax; expatriation tax; emigration tax; exit tax
flag state (of a vessel or aircraft)
tour guide-interpreter; tour guide licensed for guiding foreigners in Japan
International Women's Day
foreign country; province outside Kinai
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
Korean studies; Koreanology
country code top-level domain; ccTLD
country code top-level domain; ccTLD
international auxiliary language
caliphate; caliphate state
country of origin labeling; COOL
Express Mail Service (for international mail); EMS
International Prototype of the Kilogram; IPK
denationalization (industry, company, etc.)
International Sign (pidgin sign language); IS
black-listed country (e.g. trade)
school student who has returned to Japan after living abroad
international health regulations
policy of alignment with the United Nations; UN-centrism
pseudo-Chinese; Japanese written without kana for intelligibility in Chinese
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870); Paraguayan War
unparalleled in Japan and China and India
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (formal WHO declaration); PHEIC
country or region name used for people (in the Heian period court)
Argentina; (United States of) America
state monopoly capitalism
immigration detention center
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Independent State of Samoa
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Federal Republic of Somalia
National Land Survey Act (1951)
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Republic of Niger; Republic of the Niger
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Plurinational State of Bolivia
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
international ePacket (Japan Post international airmail service for packages weighing less than 2kg)
Small Island Developing States; SIDS
Federation of Arab Republics
secular state; secular nation
super-long-term government bond (with a maturity of over ten years)
world of mankind; this world
one country, two systems (Chinese policy)
century of humiliation (in Chinese history)
variable interest rate government bonds
interest-bearing government bonds
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
international couple; transnational couple; couple with different nationalities
Kuni no Katachi Kenkyūkai (faction of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan); Kan faction; Kan group
a country ruled by a prince or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince
Kokubu Station (Kagoshima)