country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
people (of a country); nation; citizen; Democratic Party for the People
within the country; inside the county; domestic; home; internal
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryō system)
each country; every country; various countries; all countries
border (between countries); national border
foreign country; another country; another province; strange land; alien land
return to one's country; return to one's hometown
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
paradise; heaven; Kingdom of Heaven
our country; our land; one's own country
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
international; diplomatic intercourse
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryō system)
one country; the whole nation; the whole country; stubborn; obstinate
international; worldwide; cross-border; cosmopolitan
countries; (various) nations
outside the country; abroad
various countries; various regions; various provinces
country; territory; domain; realm
national language; Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan); one's native language; mother tongue; native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words)
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); legislative assembly; parliament
homeland; motherland; fatherland; native country
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country
national road; national highway
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
our country; our land; one's own country
international community; international society
all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation
inside and outside the country; domestic and foreign
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
nationality; citizenship; nationality (ship, airplane, etc.); registration; flag
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic
national; founded and run by the central government
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; MLIT
member of the Diet; Diet member; member of parliament; MP
allied nation; ally; Central Powers (in WWI)
government management; state management
(United States of) America; USA; US
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world
national defence; national defense
dukedom; duchy; principality
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competition in which there are several evenly matched participants; hotly contested game (match, market, etc.)
national convention; national competition; national athletic meet
departure from a country; leaving a country
developed country; advanced country
southern country; southern provinces; southern lands
domestically produced; domestic; Japanese-made
every region of the country; all corners of the country; nationwide
one's home country; one's homeland
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
various foreign countries; several foreign countries
national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
Empire (of Japan); the (Japanese) Empire; Japan
national (e.g. hero, pastime, consensus); relevant to all citizens; popular on a national level
three countries; Three Kingdoms (in China, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms (in Korea, 57 BCE-668 CE); (arch.) Japan, China and India; (arch.) Japan, Korea and China
international law; law of nations
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
member nation; member state; signatory
Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane)
emerging market; emerging nation; emergent nation; developing country; developing nation
Department of State (US); State Department
(national) government official; national public servant; national government employee
Department of Defense (US); the Pentagon
all over Japan; throughout Japan
surrounding countries; neighboring countries; neighbouring countries
ordinary session of the Diet
deportation; expulsion from the country
to manage a state; to govern a country
Department of Defense (USA); the Pentagon; Ministry of Defence (UK, etc.)
Secretary of Defence (Defense)
strong nation; powerful country
Republic of Korea Armed Forces
extraordinary Diet session; extraordinary session of the Diet; session of the Diet convoked by the Cabinet by need or house request
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
neighboring countries; neighbouring countries; surrounding countries
northern country; northern provinces; northern regions; northland
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
salvation of one's country
national polity; National Athletic Meet
International Space Station
defense minister; defence minister
state secrets; secrets of the state
patriotic feelings; patriotism
vassal state; vassal nation; dependency
gross domestic product; GDP
federation; federal state; United States of America
Japanese citizen; (the) Japanese
partner country; other country (in a dispute, arrangement, etc.); opponent (country)
United Nations General Assembly; General Assembly of the United Nations
domestic air route; domestic airline (company)
International Olympic Committee; IOC
United Nations Security Council
the whole nation; everyone in the country
between both countries; bilateral
eastern country; eastern provinces; Kanto provinces
life of the people; people's lives; citizens' livelihoods
National Institute of Infectious Diseases; NIID
host country (e.g. for a meeting); chair country
Democratic Party for the People; DPFP; DPP
international organization; international organisation
bilateral relations; relationship between two countries
Records of the Three Kingdoms (Chinese historical text)
border area; border zone; borderland
snow country; snowy region
United Nations (UN) Headquarters
ruining a country; ruined country
government-run television; public television
king; sovereign; daimyo with a domain of one or more provinces (Edo period)
power of the state; government authority
Association of Southeast Asian Nations; ASEAN
foreigner; stranger; outsider; alien
state religion; official religion; established religion
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
host country (e.g. for a conference)
national crisis; national disaster
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
Western countries; European and (North) American countries
United Arab Emirates; UAE
mainland China; China proper
land of the gods; Japan; Heaven
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
dreamworld; dreamland; la-la land
governments of various countries
child who has returned to Japan after living abroad; returnee child; (Japanese) person who lived abroad during (part of) their childhood
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922); Kuomintang; Chinese Nationalist Party
citizens of one's own country; fellow countrymen; compatriots
nuclear power; nuclear state
language of one's country; mother tongue; native language
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
Committee of the National Diet
National Tax Agency (Japan); national taxation agency (e.g. IRS)
National Security Council
defense of one's country; defence of one's country
nationalization; nationalisation
national character; regional character
multilateral; multinational
National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan; JCIC
parliament building; parliament house; National Diet Building (Japan); (US) Capitol; Houses of Parliament; National Assembly building
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; MLIT
beauty; siren; courtesan; prostitute
that country; (arch.) nirvana
Japanese nationality; Japanese citizenship
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
Arab countries; Arab states
foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation
Korean (language; esp. as spoken in South Korea)
independent state; independent nation
national traits; national characteristic; character of the inhabitants of a nation
country with a constitutional government; constitutional state; country where the rule of law prevails; system based on the rule of law
smuggling oneself into a country; illegal immigration
International Atomic Energy Agency; IAEA
National Public Safety Commission
emigration and immigration
study of classical Japanese literature and culture; provincial school (established under the ritsuryō system for educating children of district governors); school (of a provincial capital during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties)
Tokyo Regional Taxation Bureau
national strategic special zone
immigration check; immigration inspection
love of one's country; patriotism; Ireland
International Monetary Fund; IMF
exotic mood; exotic atmosphere; exoticism
national expenditure; government spending; public funds
FIFA; Fédération Internationale de Football Association; International Federation of Football Association
permanent member of the UN Security Council
national defence forces; national security forces
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
(crime of) high treason; (crime of) treason
national railway; Japan National Railways (1949-1987)
indigenous person; inhabitant of a country; local; native; local lords and samurai; daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
patriotic concern for the future of one's country
Immigration Bureau; Immigration Office
revenue office; taxation bureau
Secretary-General of the United Nations
economic superpower; economic powerhouse
European countries; European nations
major power; principal countries
government news; state-run news
business in the Diet; managing Diet affairs
entrant (into a country); immigrant
National Security Agency (of the United States); NSA
defence expenditure; defense expenditure; defence cost; defense cost
foreign citizenship; foreign nationality
multinational; transnational
national mood; national sentiment; national feeling
subversion (of the state)
imperial soldier; soldier in an imperial army
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
border patrol; border guard; border guards
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation
national referendum law; Act on Procedures for Amendment of the Constitution of Japan
illegal entry (into a country); illegal immigration
state-supported provincial temple (Nara period)
immigration (and emigration) control
state-owned enterprise; SOE
national pension; government pension system
Alice in Wonderland (novel by Lewis Carroll); Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
international cooperation
Interpol notice (circulation)
internationalization; internationalisation
traitor (to one's country)
national health insurance
international competitiveness; global competitiveness
national certification; national qualification; government certification
whole nation; entire nation; all the people
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
foreign athlete; foreign player
state funeral; national funeral
Chinese (lineage, ancestry, ethnicity, etc.); Sino-
Shikoku region (incl. Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kochi prefectures)
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
same country; same province; the (said) country
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
pedestrian mall; car-free mall; (lit.) pedestrian paradise
a country whose laws are based on religious criteria; theocracy
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (2010-); Geographical Survey Institute (1949-2010)
traitor (to one's country); quisling
all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations
signatory nation; treaty power; party to a treaty; contracting state
national hospital; hospital run by a central government
deficit-covering (government) bond
(border) entry restrictions
international cooperation; international harmony
of unknown nationality (of a vessel, plane, etc.); unidentified
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
national constituency; nationwide publicity; being known all over the country
country that has been a victim of nuclear bombing
distant land; remote country; province far from the capital
to enter into diplomatic relations
returnee; homecomer; person who has returned (home) to their country
International Court of Justice; ICJ
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
United Nations organ; UN organ
People's Bank of China; The People's Bank of China
People's Honour Award (honor); National Honour Award
Democratic Republic of the Congo
state examination; national examination
Western countries; (former) Western Bloc countries
municipal (civic) law; domestic law; national law
foreign (product, esp. agricultural); of foreign manufacture
Japanese Bankers Association
our country; our land; one's own country
countries concerned (involved)
organs of the state; machinery of the state
(intended) for foreigners; aimed at foreigners
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; OPEC
worldwide; common to the whole world; universal
national ownership; state ownership; government ownership
Japanese government bond; JGB
minister of state; cabinet minister (in Japan)
international broadcast(ing)
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
Asian countries; Asian nations
international trade; international trading
international politics; world politics
daimyo in the Warring States period
Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL
constitutional functions (of the emperor)
National Public Service Act
territory; fiefdom; feudal domain
democratic nation; democratic country
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
member countries (e.g. treaty, UN, etc.); member states
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
one's native country; land of one's birth
that country; (arch.) nirvana
Assistant Secretary of State
United Nations member; UN member state
head of a household; business owner; proudly independent person; feudal lord; daimyo
International Criminal Court; ICC
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
foreign (exchange) student; international student
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang); provincial office (under the ritsuryō system); provincial capital
civilized nation; civilised nation
International Criminal Police Organization; Interpol
Immigration Services Agency (of Japan); Immigration Bureau of Japan
United Nations resolution; UN resolution
the world and the nation; the state of the world; high affairs of state
fellow countryman; compatriot; person from the same province; person from said country
to hoist the national flag
United Nations Human Rights Council; UNHRC
to betray one's country (to an enemy)
nation at war; militant nation
establishment of diplomatic relations
non-permanent member (UN Security Council)
international film festival
Médecins Sans Frontières; MSF; Doctors Without Borders
National Diet Library; Library of Congress
state-run business; state enterprise; national enterprise
hypothetical or imaginary enemy
unpatriotic person; traitor (to one's country)
Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Empire
Hong Kong National Security Law
imperial university; university founded by the Empire of Japan between 1886 and 1939; Imperial University (name of the University of Tokyo between 1886 and 1897)
power of the state; national sovereignty; sovereign rights
the fate of a nation; life-or-death (situation) for a nation; national crisis
galactic empire (in science fiction)
backward country; underdeveloped country; developing country
distinguished citizen; patriot
Gulf states; states bordering the Persian Gulf
summons to appear before the Diet
international mail; overseas mail
national paper; paper with a national circulation
Manchukuo (Japanese Manchurian puppet state; 1932-1945)
history of a nation; Japanese history
foreign cinema; foreign film; a foreign movie
member state of the European Union; EU country
state sponsor of terrorism; state that sponsors or supports terrorism
national assembly (esp. France)
national, prefectural and other public universities and colleges
sovereignty of the people
National Archives of Japan
fairyland; never-never land
re-entry (into a country)
neutral country; neutral power
country of origin; country of manufacture
national unity; unity of the whole nation
International Association of Athletics Federations; IAAF
provincial official (under the ritsuryō system; esp. a governor)
making a country a world destination; making a country a top international tourist destination
international game; international match
member country of the executive committee in an international organization (organisation)
Empire of Japan (Japan's official name under the Meiji Constitution)
foreigner; alien; stranger
modern state; modern nation
one country, two systems (Chinese policy allowing for areas such as Hong Kong to maintain their own economic and administrative systems)
among countries; between countries
breakup of diplomatic relations; diplomatic break
enhancing national prestige; expanding national influence
the Third Reich; Nazi Germany
democracy; democratic nation
all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation
ancient nation; homeland; one's native land; birthplace
Director of National Intelligence (USA); DNI
international contribution; contributing to the wider world
universal health insurance; universal healthcare
selling out one's country; betraying one's country; treason
the Big Three (countries)
Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan
Holy Roman Empire (800-1806)
International Committee of the Red Cross
domestically produced car
international disaster relief team; international emergency aid unit
National Front (political party)
(the three) Baltic states; Baltic countries
Yamataikoku; historical Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
founding father (of a country)
Islamic countries; Islamic world
the Six Kingdoms (of China's Warring States period: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao); the six tree-derived incense varieties used in kōdō ceremonies
International University of Health and Welfare
enrich the country, strengthen the army
remainder of the Diet session after the creation of the budget
(going straight) from heaven to hell
queendom; country ruled by a queen
Russian Empire (1721-1917)
diplomatic message sent by a head of state; sovereign letter; book written in Japanese (as opposed to Chinese, etc.); Japanese book; national literature (of Japan)
UN Charter; Charter of the United Nations
internally displaced person
Venice International Film Festival
national network broadcast; nation-wide broadcast
national finance; central government finance
multinational corporation; transnational corporation
International Swimming Federation; FINA
elementary school (in Japan; 1941-1947)
national emblem; (national) coat of arms
Tokyo Imperial University
International Whaling Commission; IWC
world fair; international exposition
multiracial nation; multiethnic country
international organization; international organisation
marquisate; marquessate; principality
People's Republic of China
Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS)
internal (domestic) affairs
International Table Tennis Federation; ITTF
Islamic state (state where shari'a law is enforced); Islamic country
National Institute for Environmental Studies
internal (to a country); interior; home; national; domestic
special Diet session; special session of the Diet; Diet session required to be convoked within thirty days of a general election
People's Liberation Army (China); PLA
father of one's country; father of the nation
scholar of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture
agricultural country; agrarian nation
national research and development agency
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; IUCN
unparalleled in Japan, China and India
Yokohama National University
national glory; Ralls Genet (cultivar of apple); Ralls Janet; Rawls Jennet
world exposition; international exposition; world fair
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; OHCHR
domestically produced article; domestic product; domestic goods
national review; national referendum on the appointment or re-appointment of Supreme Court judges, held at the same time as general elections to the House of Representatives
dual nationality; dual citizenship
Republic of China; ROC; Taiwan; Republic of China (country controlling mainland China from 1912 to 1949)
great seal; seal of state
popular movement; citizens' campaign; national movement
International Gymnastics Federation
anniversary of founding (of PRC); national celebration time
Japan Bank for International Cooperation; JBIC
state-sponsored; national
(South) Korean cooking; (South) Korean food
(possession of) one feudal domain and one castle; being independent (acting without compromise or assistance); establishing only one castle in each feudal domain (edict issued by the shogunate in 1615)
National Economic Council
stranger; person from another place
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
millennium; millennial kingdom (of Christ)
nationwide instantaneous alert system; J-Alert system; satellite-based early warning system used in Japan
houses of the Diet being controlled by different parties; (lit.) twisted parliament
State Council (of the People's Republic of China)
Toyo (former province located in present-day Ōita and Fukuoka prefectures; later split into Buzen and Bungo provinces); affluent country; rich country
shift to domestic production; import substitution
International Christian University
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
neighboring country; neighbouring country; provinces close to Kyoto (under ritsuryō system)
regional administrator (pre-Taika hereditary title)
old kingdom; ancient kingdom
Berlin International Film Festival
South Korean national residing in Japan (esp. one who came to Japan before 1945 or a descendant of such a person)
province of the lowest rank (ritsuryō system); (arch.) leaving for the provinces
rich country; national enrichment
foreign trainee system; technical intern training program
vassalization; vassalisation
foreign travel; overseas trip
city-state (e.g. the Vatican)
selection by the state (esp. of a defense lawyer); appointment; assignment
Japanese orphans left behind in China (after WWII); war-displaced Japanese in China
departure inspection (when leaving a country)
national fortunes; destiny of a country
international balance of payments
departure (sailing) formalities
non-member state; non-member nation
National Institute of Informatics; NII
entirely domestically produced; 100% domestically made
United Nations Development Program; UNDP
city electric train service operated by (former) Japanese National Railways
principle (or ideology) of international cooperation
National Foundation Day (national holiday; February 11)
state sovereignty; national sovereignty
foreign residents of Japan; foreigners living in Japan
nationalism; extreme patriotism
various countries; several countries
International Judo Federation; IJF
debt-servicing costs; expenditure for servicing government bonds
National Public Safety Commission
tour around the country; travelling to various provinces
state of a country (population, resources, etc.); condition of a country; strength of a country
foreign trade; external trade
state socialism; Nazism; national socialism
National Federation of Agricultural Co-operative Associations
turbulent (troubled) times; turbulent war period
international humanitarian law; IHL
Axis powers (World War II)
industrialized nation; industrialised nation
Three Kingdoms period (of Chinese history, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history, 57 BCE-668 CE)
distinguished person; thirteen orphans; winning hand containing one of each terminal and honor tile plus one extra copy of any of them
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation); FAO
United Nations Environment Programme (Program); UNEP
(group of) foreigners; foreign contingent; foreign participants; foreign competitors; foreign players; foreign teams
international border dispute
transnational organized crime; TOC
skilled physician; noted doctor; master
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (formal WHO declaration); PHEIC
national hero; hero of the nation
food universally loved by all citizens; comfort food
other nations; other peoples
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party); NHK Party
continental state (e.g. Australia)
state of national emergency
quasi-national park; national park designated by the government but managed by a prefecture
International Labor Organization (ILO)
entry into a country by a non-resident foreign national
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (14th century novel attributed to Luo Guanzhong)
Regional Banks Association of Japan
provincial dialect; local accent
Association of National Universities; National University Association
public holiday; national holiday
warring nations; belligerents
smuggling oneself out of a country
country; state; various countries
land of the dead; netherworld; (arch.) distant country
forced relocation of a daimyo to a different domain (Edo period); change of constituency (for a politician); change of district
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; UNRWA
committee of the National Diet
Defense Intelligence Agency; DIA
least developed country; poorest country
international politics (as a field of study)
Okuninushi; deity of magic and medicine later viewed as equivalent to Daikokuten and celebrated at Izumo Grand Shrine
national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)
cosmopolitan (international) way of thinking; feeling for the wider world
Republic of China (Taiwan); ROC
Republic of Korea; South Korea
country of origin (of goods)
to violate the border; to invade the frontier district
Constitution of the Empire of Japan; Meiji Constitution
gods of the land; earthly deities
traveling throughout the country (travelling)
making a country prosperous; prosperous country; Kōkoku era (of the Southern Court; 1340.4.28-1346.12.8)
(Japanese) National Defense Council (1956-86) (Defence); National Security Council (USA)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
National Mobilization Law
one's home; one's native province
being in one's hometown; being in one's domain (as opposed to being in Edo; of a daimyo or his retainers)
political offence; political offense
National Institute of Polar Research; NIPR
Koreans residing in Japan (esp. those who came to Japan before 1945 and their descendants); Zainichi Koreans
democratic state; (a) democracy
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
parliamentary investigation rights
Okinawa International University; OIU
governor of a province (under the ritsuryō system); daimyo with a domain of one or more provinces (Edo period)
visiting one's constituency; feudal lord's return to his estate
National Medical Practitioners Qualifying Examination
immigration officer; immigration inspector
nationalistic; ultranationalistic
national currency; domestic currency; local currency
regional power; powerful nation within region
incense variety used in kōdō (orig. from Thailand)
Eastern European countries
Vatican City; Vatican City State
national health insurance
foreign school; school for foreigners; international school
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Korean (TV) drama; K-drama
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management; NILIM
national, public, and private
boasting of one's hometown
to go to heaven; to be called to heaven
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan)
domestically produced rice
federal state; federation
international agreement; accord
department of Japanese literature
Nordic countries; Scandinavian countries
fairyland; never-never land
creation of Japan (by the gods Izanagi and Izanami); birthing of Japan
(border) entry restrictions
federation of states; confederation of nations
(the three) Baltic states; Baltic countries
national leader; leader of a nation; state leader
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
Okuninushi; deity of magic and medicine later viewed as equivalent to Daikokuten and celebrated at Izumo Grand Shrine
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
Austro-Hungarian Empire; Austria-Hungary
International Maritime Organization; IMO
public servant (esp. police); (lit.) dogs of the state
internationalism; cosmopolitanism; international character
shrine honoring war dead; shrine honouring war dead
life in a foreign country; living abroad
international financial market
acquisition of nationality; naturalization
major agricultural country; agricultural power; agripower
one's native language; one's mother tongue
various countries; several countries
International Women's Day
world state; world federation
Tokyo International University
State Shintō; nationalistic and ideological form of Shinto, abolished in 1945
uncivilized country; savage land
United Nations University (abbr.); UN University; UNU
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
international law in time of war
Nationalist Government (of the Republic of China; 1924-1948)
Japanese Council of Social Welfare
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); DPRK
annexation of Korea (by Japan; 1910-1945)
Josai International University
international peace cooperation
International Astronomical Union: IAU
national mobilization; total mobilization
country with a high level of culture
(former) Eastern Bloc countries
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
Department of Homeland Security (US); DHS
nation-wide hookup; nationwide broadcast
vast country; extensive territory
gods of the land; earthly deities
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
constituent country; constituent nation
land of everlasting summer
Meiji Constitution; Constitution of the Empire of Japan
(major) nuclear power (i.e. one of the five NPT-designated nuclear weapon states)
permanently neutral country
taste for the exotic; infatuation with a foreign way of life; exoticism
terrorist nation; state sponsor of terrorism
government; administration
each language; every language
federation; federal state; United States of America
land of the dead; netherworld; (arch.) distant country
Country of Na (a country that existed within Japan during the Yayoi period)
Thai Airways International
Japanese language education (for Japanese people); teaching of Japanese
barbarian country; uncivilized country; foreign country
satellite country; satellite state
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism
creation of Japan (by the gods Izanagi and Izanami); birthing of Japan
university of foreign studies; university specializing in foreign languages
INPEX (Japanese petroleum company)
diplomatic recognition (of a country)
permanent national policy
international driving permit; international drivers' license; international license
Renmin University of China
internationally minded person; cosmopolitan; cosmopolite; international celebrity
cold country; cold region
Hades; realm of the dead; the next world
laws established by daimyo applicable only in their own domain (during the Warring States period)
Imperial Japanese Army (1872-1945)
foreign delegation; foreign mission; diplomatic envoy
monarchy; monarch and nation
Anglican Church; Church of England
assistant language teacher; ALT; foreign national serving as an assistant teacher of English in a Japanese classroom
domestic terrorism; terrorism in one's own country
ruler of a country; sovereign; monarch
Japanese philology; Japanese linguistics
official writing system of a country; official script; kana (as opposed to kanji); Japanese syllabary; kanji created in Japan (as opposed to China); Japanese-made kanji
inexpensive hotel operated by a local government
National Institute of Health Sciences; NIHS
various countries; several countries
All Japan High School Athletic Federation
World Organisation for Animal Health; Office International des Epizooties; OIE
Japanese language (as a school subject in Japan)
international standardization
Korean Residents Union in Japan; Mindan
border (between countries); national border
United Nations Secretariat
disease affecting an entire nation
fairyland; never-never land
state (sponsored) terrorism
rogue nation; rogue state
foreign good; foreign product
international comparison; country-by-country comparison
as a nation; with the whole country
The Confederate States of America; The Confederacy; CSA
government bonds for retail investors
Sanseido Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Sanseido)
Korean Empire (1897-1910)
the Japanese nation under the ritsuryō codes (645 CE-10th century)
national land development (e.g. building infrastructure, roads, etc.)
traditional Chinese medicine; TCM
international friendly match
domestic timber; domestically produced lumber
International Union of Geological Sciences
government-managed park; national government park
spiritual protection of the state
creditor country; creditor nation
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party); NHK Party
international money transfer; overseas remittance
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
Triple Intervention (diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany and France over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki)
(arch.) provincial governor's office; provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
government of national unity; national unity cabinet
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; UNODC
Republic of Turkey; Republic of Türkiye
Dhrtarastra (Buddhist deity)
poor country; third world country; impoverished nation
International Telecommunication Union; ITU
Manchukuo (Japanese Manchurian puppet state; 1932-1945)
country involved in a conflict; belligerent state
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics; NINJAL; Kokken
nationalization; nationalisation
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
Secretary-General of the United Nations
state-run television station
island country mentality; insular spirit; insularism; insularity
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
gross national product; GNP
Imperial Japanese Navy (1872-1945)
out of touch with the voters; indifferent to the concerns of the people
international cultural exchange
citizen's holiday; by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays (e.g. September 22, falling between Respect the Elderly Day and the Autumn Equinox Holiday)
Islamic country; Islamic nation
state indemnity; state compensation; national reparations
one's country of assignment (e.g. for an ambassador)
International Sports Federation
British person; British citizen; Briton
one's debt to one's country
foreign route; ocean route
civilized world; civilised world
provincial dialect; local accent
International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP
El Dorado; legendary land of wealth
Iwanami Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Iwanami Shoten)
global roaming (mobile telephone); international roaming
gross national income; GNI
alien registration card; foreigner registration card
Great Patriotic War (Russian name for the war along the eastern front during World War II)
countries; (various) nations
Diet officer; Diet official; Diet staff member
Democratic National Committee (US); DNC
International Football Association Board; IFAB
Rikkokushi; six national histories of Japan compiled in the Nara and Heian periods
Sinicization; Sinification
xenophobia; exclusion (of foreigners)
Izumo Fudoki (description of the culture, climate, etc. of Izumo province; 733 CE)
Chūgoku Retaliation (military maneuver by Hideyoshi Hashiba in 1582)
88 temples of Shikoku (holy spots related to Kobo Daishi)
Ministry of State Security (China)
Commonwealth of Independent States; CIS
overseas (military forces)
international exposition; world expo; world fair
multilateral conference; multilateral negotiations
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
National Tax Tribunal (Japan)
National Institution for Youth Education
Kunitachi College of Music
various languages; several languages
Vatican City; Vatican City State
alien registration; registration of foreigners
Hiroshima International University
Chinese room (artificial intelligence thought experiment)
choice of nationality; choice of citizenship
National Requisition Ordinance (1939)
as a nation; with the whole country
warm country; warm region
International Covenants on Human Rights; ICCPR; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ICESCR
national textbooks; textbook published by the government
most favored nation treatment; most favoured nation status
Sixteen Kingdoms (collection of sovereign states in and around China; 304-439 CE); Sixteen Kingdoms period
financial contributions to the UN made by member-nations
Buddhist country; the land of Buddha; Buddhist paradise
international service; international affairs
patriotic song; The Patriotic Song (e.g. Aegukga, national anthem of South Korea)
unfailing devotion to one's country; (lit.) serving one's country for seven lives
government-financed or sponsored foreign student
head of a household; business owner; proudly independent person; feudal lord; daimyo
once-powerful nation now in decline; great nation grown old
national or local pride; the pride of one's native place
the land outlasts the king; (lit.) a country may fall but its mountains and rivers remain
place names used during the ritsuryō period
various languages; several languages
international organization
bilingual; in two languages
country in conflict; war-torn country
various languages; several languages
bilingual; in two languages
one-state socialism (Stalinist theory); socialism in one country
Republic of Korea Armed Forces
countries; (various) nations
the people of all nations
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
pilgrimage of the Saigoku-Sanjūsansho (33 temples in the Kinki region)
Mughal Empire; Mogul Empire
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864)
International PEN (International Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists and Novelists)
patriotic group or organization (organisation)
white-listed country; country on a list of preferred trading partners
foreign correspondents' club
Gendai Kokugo Reikai Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan)
international driving permit; international driver's license
International Prototype of the Kilogram; IPK
state indemnity; state compensation
International Baccalaureate; IB
Bank for International Settlements; BIS
Republic of Venice (697-1797)
Express Mail Service (for international mail); EMS
St. Luke's International University
province-wide uprising (Muromachi period)
province of the second highest rank (ritsuryō system); provinces close to the capital
British Broadcasting Corporation; BBC
nationwide election campaign
ethnically homogeneous nation; racially homogeneous nation
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
Kyoto National Museum of Modern Arts; National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto
Republic of North Macedonia
international monitoring team; IMT; international observers
national of a third country; foreigner (esp. Chinese and Korean) resident in Japan
policy favouring major powers; policy of great powers favorable only to themselves
returning to one's fatherland; reversion to Japan; return to Japan
dual monarchy; Austria-Hungary; Austro-Hungarian Empire
staunchly conservative area; (lit.) kingdom of conservatism
US Agency for International Development; USAID
imported (transmitted) from China
National Tax Collection Act
Union Cycliste Internationale; UCI
international language; world language; global lingua franca; constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
National Commission on Educational Reform; National Commission on Education Reform; National Congress for Educational Reform; National Council on Educational Reform
national event; event that is enjoyed nationwide; event with nationwide popularity
German Democratic Republic; East Germany
United Nations Security Council
sinophone world; Chinese-speaking world
International Sign (pidgin sign language); IS
signatory (country); party (to a treaty)
international military tribunal
Kuna-koku; ancient Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period as a rival to Yamatai-koku
Koshi (former province located in present-day Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata prefectures; later split into Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo)
certificate of alien registration; alien registration card
Japanese National Commission for UNESCO
forced relocation of a daimyo to a different domain (Edo period); change of constituency (for a politician); change of district
Model United Nations; Model UN
Meikyo Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Taishukan)
Defense Intelligence Agency (USA)
junior citizen; young citizen
International Military Tribunal for the Far East; IMTFE; Tokyo Trials
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
Director General of National Land Agency
Oncorhynchus nerka kawamurae (rare Japanese subspecies of sockeye salmon)
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
Hitachi Fudoki (description of the culture, climate, etc. of Hitachi province; ca. 720 CE)
subject nation; subordinate state; dependency
picture scroll of battles and warriors in the Warring States period
various countries; several countries
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
night-watchman state; minarchy
Federation equestre internationale
policy of increasing national prosperity and military power
Austro-Hungarian Empire; Austria-Hungary
Institute for International Economics
National University Corporation Act
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Control Trade Law
state examination (esp. for qualifying as a doctor, dentist, nurse, etc.)
border (between countries); national border
Chinese Civil War (1927-1937, 1946-1949)
government-controlled corporation
Toyama University of International Studies
territorial state (under the Holy Roman Empire; from the 13th century up until its dissolution)
International Council for Science; ICSU
Interscholastic Athletic Meet; inter-school athletics competition
former imperial university
Shinmeikai Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Sanseido)
International Peace Cooperation Headquarters
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
rogue nation; rogue state
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (of China; 907-979)
attack on the Chūgoku region ordered by Oda Nobunaga in the year 1577
Federal Republic of Germany; Federal Republic of Germany (1949-1990); West Germany
Japan Institute of International Affairs
government subsidy; state aid; state assistance
least developed country; LDC
United Mexican States (Mexico)
Chugoku Shimbun (Japanese newspaper company); China News Service (news agency)
Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
Yokohama National University (abbr)
Indian Empire; British Raj
National Railway Workers' Union
bilingual; in two languages
the Land of Verdant Rice Plants; the Land of Abundant Rice; Japan
history of Japanese literature
all things have the Buddha nature
national treatment; treating foreigners and locals equally
state compensation; state reparations
state sponsor of terrorism
two-country model (esp. China and Taiwan); two-country doctrine
National Association of Racing
Republic of the Philippines
barbarian country; uncivilized country; foreign country
National Association of Shinkin Banks
claim for government compensation
Mughal Empire; Mogul Empire
International Hydrographic Organization
Latin Empire (Constantinople, 1204-1261)
international romantic relationship
the land outlasts the king; (lit.) a country may fall but its mountains and rivers remain
enfranchisement of foreign residents; voting rights for foreign residents
national rural police (1947-1954)
(Japanese) National Land Agency
unavailability of online content or services in one's country (e.g. due to licensing agreements); geo-blocking
country one is staying in
Association for the Promotion of International Trade, Japan
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; USSR; Soviet Union
Okuni kabuki; progenitor of modern kabuki, developed by Izumo Taisha shrine maiden Izumo no Okuni and popularized in Kyoto (early Edo period)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
Kuomintang; KMT; Chinese Nationalist Party
bilingual; in two languages
Kansai University of Foreign Studies
daimyo with a domain of one or more provinces (Edo period)
national rural police (1947-1954)
translation from a foreign language into Japanese
thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara)
Japanese and Chinese literature
mail from abroad; foreign mail; overseas mail
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
Akita International University
Hi (former province located in present-day Nagasaki, Saga and Kumamoto prefectures; later split into Hizen and Higo provinces)
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers; 1945-1952); GHQ
record of Diet proceedings
tour guide-interpreter; tour guide licensed for guiding foreigners in Japan
Volkssturm (national militia established by Nazi Germany during the last months of World War II)
bilingual; in two languages
National High School Baseball Tournament (held annually in August at Koshien Stadium); Summer Koshien
Kuninotokotachi no Mikoto (eternal god of the land)
international cooking; international cuisine; fusion food
international political economy
Heisei International University
governor of a province (under the ritsuryō system); daimyo with a domain of one or more provinces (Edo period)
University of Science and Technology of China; USTC
International Mathematical Olympiad
divided nation; split country
domestic locations (e.g. of a company); domestic bases
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; UK
militarization (of a country); militarisation
international maritime signal flags; international signal flag
Fusa (former province located in present-day Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures)
Japanese National Railways (1949-1987)
International Finance Bureau
China Times (Taiwanese newspaper)
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication; SWIFT
receiving country; receiving state; host nation
Nagoya University of Foreign Studies
person reentering a country
Korean Traders' Association
national of a third country; foreigner resident in Japan (esp. Chinese and Korean)
Order of the British Empire
Federation Aeronautique Internationale; International Aeronautical Federation; FAI
party to an entente; ally
country of origin labeling; COOL
Venice International Film Festival
Osaka International University
English, mathematics and Japanese (as school subjects)
junior citizen; young citizen
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; PNAS
Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia)
Sapporo International University
Seven Warring States (of China); Seven Kingdoms
debtor nation; debt-laden country; debtor country
biographical notes and character sketches of prominent individuals, arranged according to place of birth or origin
home and country; state; country; home town
international unit; SI unit; IU
holder of multiple (e.g. dual) citizenships; dual national; dual citizen
national interests and the people's welfare
All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher's and Editor's Association; AJPEA
multiple citizenship; multiple nationality
American Bible Society; ABS
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
provincial dialect; local accent
International Library of Children's Literature
Great Qing Empire (China; 1644-1912); Qing dynasty
state action; national action
pro-democracy movement in China
Shimonoseki campaign (1863-1864); Shimonoseki bombardment
domestic commerce; internal trade
protectorate (country); dependency; dependent state
International Nuclear Event Scale; INES
Principality of Liechtenstein
Japan Mini Vehicles Association
international health regulations
international tension; international tensions
national citizen identification number system
foreign TV or radio personality (in Japan)
various languages; several languages
British disease (Britain's economic and labour problems in the 1970s)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
LDP's National Defense Division
emperor-centered historiography (of Japan)
foreign loan; foreign debt; foreign bond
Mita International School (abbr)
King of Na gold seal (National Treasure of Japan)
New Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.
Kansai International University
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KSA
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (in Japan); SCAP
Higashi Nippon International University
provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
National Cancer Institute (US); NCI
border (between countries); national border
China Youth Daily (newspaper)
Osaka University of Foreign Studies
disembarkation card; entry card; arrival card; immigration card; landing card; incoming passenger card
state capitalism; national capitalism
domestic; of domestic manufacture
Republic of the Marshall Islands
National Taiwan University
international waters; high seas
United Nations convention
foreign corporation; overseas company
Japanese reading of a kanji (esp. in ref. to readings that do not correspond to the orig. Chinese meaning of the kanji)
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism
national humiliation; national disgrace
General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (1945-1952); GHQ
international parcel post (Japan Post international mail service for packages weighing less than 30 kg)
Patriotic War (Russian name for the war with Napoleon in 1812)
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (1945-1952); GHQ
Nara National Cultural Properties Research Institute
National Institute on Aging
American depositary receipt; ADR
traditional Chinese medicine
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty (1910)
Tripartite Pact (between Japan, Germany and Italy in WWII)
province of Japan (under the ritsuryō system)
National Library of Medicine; NLM
National Revolutionary Army (Republic of China; 1925-1947)
national pride; national prestige
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
loss of citizenship; denaturalization; expatriation
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
internationally protected animal
Community Bank Shinyo Kumiai
Diet session up to the creation of the budget
National University of Defense Technology
Nagasaki International University
UN Charter clauses concerning former enemy states; former enemy state clauses
Kibi International University
International League for Human Rights
Zenkoku Suiheisha (Burakumin rights organization; 1922-1942); National Levelers' Association
national law; laws of a nation; national rites and ceremonies; Japanese literature
Kunitachi College of Music (abbr)
reservation of Japanese nationality (procedure used with children born outside Japan)
Society for the Study of Japanese Language
national vacation village
Japan Wagashi Association
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law
traveling throughout the country (travelling)
international reply-paid coupon
Central Japan International Airport Co., Ltd.; CJIAC
first emperor to rule the land (title of Emperor Sujin)
eventful times for the nation; the nation being in turmoil; the storm clouds gathering in the land
home currency rate; denominated in local currency
official name of a country
United Nations Climate Change Conference; Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; COP
ordinary national road; non-expressway national road
public servant (esp. police); (lit.) dogs of the state
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
international criminal law
(a woman of) unparalleled beauty; (a woman's beauty being) matchless throughout the land
United Nations Secretariat
Nazism; national socialism
Hellenic Republic (Greece)
prospects of a country; outlook for a country; national fate
UN Special Session on Disarmament
Foreign Exchange Control Law
National Institute of Nutrition
one's hometown; one's birthplace; one's native region
Federation Internationale de l'Automobile; FIA
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
super-long-term government bond (with a maturity of over ten years)
those who wish to rule the land must first cultivate their own characters, then manage their families, then govern their states; only then can they bring peace to the land
Kōbe International University
Chinese alcohol; Chinese spirits
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations; CLAIR
underdeveloped country; developing country
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
International Tropical Timber Organization
underdeveloped country; half-civilized country; half-civilised country
bilingual; in two languages
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Congo Free State (1885-1908 name of the Belgian Congo)
General Conference of Weights and Measures; Conference General des Poides et Mesures
International Organization for Standardization; ISO
Organisation of the Islamic Conference
stalled session of the Diet (Japanese Parliament)
private international law; conflict of laws
International Trade Organization
national; citizen; native
United Nations Associations Test of English; UNATE
United Republic of Tanzania
Hiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University
treaty power; treaty signatory
National Government Asset Act
United Nations Human Rights Commission
Act on General Rules for National Taxes
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries; OAPEC
various countries; several countries
Kyoto University of Foreign Studies
Comite International des Poids et Measures; International Committee of Weights and Measures
country closed to information from the outside world
National Land Use Planning Act
state-owned forests and fields
industrialized countries; industrialised countries
Yamataikoku; historical Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period
Kobe City University of Foreign Studies
bilingual; in two languages
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
dual citizen; person having dual citizenship or nationality
International Budo University
Japanese grammar (esp. traditional)
the Land of Verdant Rice Plants; the Land of Abundant Rice; Japan
Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer
imported rice; foreign rice
gross national happiness (philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan); GNH
International Cycling Union; UCI
National Trade Union Council
the land outlasts the king; (lit.) a country may fall but its mountains and rivers remain
National Research Institute of Cultural Properties
most favored nation; most favoured nation; MFN
The International University of Kagoshima
gross real national product; real GNP; RGNP
border (between countries); national border
Institute for National Policy Research
Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)
China University of Geosciences; CUG
day of national humiliation (used in China for certain anniversaries of incidents where Japan humiliated China)
(school) admission category for students who have lived abroad
kanji "box" or "country" radical (radical 31); radical consisting of an enclosing box
Japan National Tourist Organization (JNTO)
defense outlay; defense spending
Irish Free State (1922-1937)
Samguk Sagi (historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea); History of the Three Kingdoms
Independent State of Samoa
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics; NINJAL; Kokken
International Society of Internal Medicine
American Association for the Advancement of Science; AAAS
international aid organization (organisation)
Okazaki National Research Institutes; ONRI
American National Standards Institute; ANSI
Frankfurt National Assembly (1848-1849)
small country with a small population (The Chinese philosopher Lao-tze's ideal of a state)
Association for Promotion of International Cooperation
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
International Science and Technology Exposition
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
bilingual; in two languages
(immigration) re-entry permit
Islamic republic (Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mauritania)
friendly powers; treaty powers
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
law of the country of one's nationality; one's national law
Kuni no Katachi Kenkyūkai (faction of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan); Kan faction; Kan group
United Nations Human Rights Council (abbr); UNHRC
studying (temporarily) at another institution (in the same country as the institution one belongs to); studying or researching at an institution while still employed
Institute of International Finance; IIF
National Intelligence Bureau (Japan)
Orange Free State (1854-1902)
UN Disengagement Observer Force; UNDOF
National Land Use Planning Act
shrine receiving offerings from the provincial government (pre-Meiji) or the national treasury (post-Meiji)
National Technical College
International Chamber of Commerce; ICC
National Institute for Educational Research
enemy state clauses (of the UN Charter)
English, mathematics and Japanese (as school subjects)
governing a nation and providing relief to people
Federative Republic of Brazil
Nihon Ryōiki (Heian-period collection of Buddhist stories)
National Institute of Environmental Pollution Research (pn)
Britannica International Encyclopedia
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon; UNIFIL
Kokubu Station (Kagoshima)
Sinological Society of Japan; SSJ
Shikoku Gakuin University
Commemorative Organization for the Japan World Exposition '70
International Standard Book Number; ISBN
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
the question of national defense (defence)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
real gross domestic product; real GDP
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Bungo Fudoki (description of the culture, climate, etc. of Bungo province; 732 CE)
The British Academy; The Academy
Korea Train Express (South Korean bullet train service); KTX
foreign stock; foreign equity
Society of International Education and Cultural Exchange; SIENCE
various countries; several countries
UN Truce Supervision Organization
International System of Units; SI
flag state (of a vessel or aircraft)
Koreans residing in Japan (esp. those who came to Japan before 1945 and their descendants); Zainichi Koreans
provincial maps of Japan (Edo period)
Hades; land of the dead; netherworld
houses of the Diet being controlled by different parties; (lit.) twisted parliament
bilingual; in two languages
bilingual; in two languages
Austro-Hungarian Empire; Austria-Hungary
various languages; several languages
various languages; several languages
boasting of one's hometown
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism
Hades; realm of the dead; the next world
kanji "box" or "country" radical (radical 31); radical consisting of an enclosing box
the land outlasts the king; (lit.) a country may fall but its mountains and rivers remain
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
stubborn person; obstinate person
Hi (former province located in present-day Nagasaki, Saga and Kumamoto prefectures; later split into Hizen and Higo provinces)
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
local dialect; vernacular; provincialism; national language
Indian Empire; British Raj
Dynasty Warriors (video game series)
Dynasty Warriors (video game series)
National Railway Workers' Union (abbr)
Fusa (former province located in present-day Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures)
King of Na gold seal (National Treasure of Japan)
atlas moth (Attacus atlas)
northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis); sweet shrimp; northern pink prawn; red shrimp; Maine shrimp
finger millet (Eleusine coracana)
Hellenic Republic (Greece)
our country; our land; one's own country
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Empire (of Japan); the (Japanese) Empire; Japan
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
border (between countries); national border
high contracting powers; signatories
North China barbarian nations
nationality clause; legislated ban on foreigners taking up public posts
domestic standard; local standard
multilingual; in many languages
Japan International Cooperation Agency (1974); JICA
least developed countries; LDC
inviting country; host nation
gross national expenditure; GNE
issues pertaining to a nation's script (e.g. standardization of kanji in Japanese)
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
Universal Copyright Convention
sale of one's belongings before returning to one's country; sayonara sale
proletarian internationalism
authorized foreign exchange bank; authorised foreign exchange bank
foreign tax amount reduction
foreign postal money order
based on a nation's people; popular base
Korea Composite Stock Price Index; KOSPI
international arrest warrant
international peace activity
national health insurance program (programme)
UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission; UNMOVIC
National Dentistry Examination
Confederate States of America
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; ASSR
Soviet Socialist Republic; SSR
people's socialist republic
people's democratic republic
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Republic of Guinea-Bissau
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic; Georgian SSR; GSSR
peninsular country (e.g. Italy, Korea)
saving a nation and providing relief to the people
dynamics of international (foreign) relations
Japan International Cooperation Agency; JICA
Comprehensive National Development Plan (1962-)
net national product; NNP
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
member states of the former Soviet bloc
international jurisdiction
advanced industrial nation
net domestic product; NDP
net national welfare; NNW
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UN Economic and Social Council
official languages of the UN (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish)
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
United Nations Secretary-General
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
United Nations Environment Program; UNEP
United Nations Economic and Social Council
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
departure permit; exit visa
Land of Abundant Reed Plains and Rice Fields; Japan
Land of Abundant Reed Plains and Rice Fields; Japan
Land of Abundant Reed Plains and Rice Fields; Japan
Land of Abundant Reed Plains and Rice Fields; Japan
departure card; embarkation card; emigration card
province-district-neighbourhood administrative divisions (ritsuryō system)
National Government Organization Act
National School Establishment Act
small-scale version of the 88 temples of Shikoku (Awaji Island, Shōdoshima, etc.)
National Critical Technology
international bibliography
International Serials Data System; ISDS
International Electrotechnical Commission; IEC
International Standard Serial Number; ISSN
Universal Character Set; UCS
physical delivery country name
Ottoman constitution of 1876
positive international law
international contract (agreement)
customary international law
isolation paradise (esp. unique products without foreign competition)
United Nations Human Rights Council; UNHRC
each ministry thinks only of its own good, but not of the good of the country; (lit.) when there are ministries, there is no country
United Nations Security Council
domestic equilibrium; internal balance; internal equilibrium
United Nations Special Commission; UNSCOM
national disposable income
country bumpkin; someone from the same part of the country
Yamato state; Yamato polity; earliest known Japanese polity founded between the 4th and 7th centuries
weakened border; porous border; open border
national development arterial expressway
Sino-Soviet Border Conflict (1969)
international marketing; global marketing
medium-term government securities fund; middle term national bond fund
national language; state language
internationally protected bird
millenarianism; millennialism; chiliasm
national traits; national character
National Government Defrayment Act for Reconstruction of Disaster-Stricken Public Facilities
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
National Enterprise Labor Relations Law
international division of labor; international division of labour; international specialization
god who controls a country's territory; god who rules a country
god who controls a country's territory; god who rules a country
foreign stock ownership ratio; foreign stockholding ratio
foreign stock ownership ratio; foreign stockholding ratio
sinology; Chinese studies
construction state; civil engineering state; country dominated by the construction industry
National Military Establishment (forerunner to the US Department of Defense; 1947-1949)
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
overseas posting; expatriate (employee); expat
Temps Atomique International; International Atomic Time; TAI
public sector (as opposed to private sector)
feudal lord who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
pseudo-foreign company; company based abroad but whose main country of business is Japan
anniversary of the death of an emperor or empress
General Assembly of the United Nations; United Nations General Assembly
Chinese white pear (Pyrus x bretschneideri); ya pear; pearple
non-oil producing countries; non-oil nation
departure tax; expatriation tax; emigration tax; exit tax
International Women's Day
foreign country; province outside Kinai
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
Korean studies; Koreanology
country code top-level domain; ccTLD
country code top-level domain; ccTLD
international auxiliary language
caliphate; caliphate state
denationalization (industry, company, etc.)
black-listed country (e.g. trade)
school student who has returned to Japan after living abroad
policy of alignment with the United Nations; UN-centrism
pseudo-Chinese; Japanese written without kana for intelligibility in Chinese
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870); Paraguayan War
unparalleled in Japan, China and India
country or region name used for people (in the Heian-period court)
Argentina; (United States of) America
state monopoly capitalism
immigration detention center
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Federal Republic of Somalia
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Republic of Niger; Republic of the Niger
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Plurinational State of Bolivia
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Lao People's Democratic Republic
international ePacket (Japan Post international airmail service for packages weighing less than 2 kg)
Small Island Developing States; SIDS
Federation of Arab Republics
secular state; secular nation
world of mankind; this world
one country, two systems (Chinese policy)
century of humiliation (in Chinese history)
variable interest rate government bonds
interest-bearing government bonds
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
international couple; transnational couple; couple with different nationalities
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
provincial governor's office
National Tax Violations Control Act
national highway; national expressway; national motorway
Tourism-based Country Promotion Basic Act
domestic corporation; corporation established under domestic law
Enforcement Regulation of the Nationality Act
being well-informed about international affairs; person well-informed about international affairs
made in China; Chinese-made
Daito Bunka University, Tokai University, Asia University, Teikyo University and Kokushikan University (or Kokugakuin University) (group of similarly ranked private universities in Tokyo)
Chichibu (former province located in present-day Saitama Prefecture)
country of residence; jurisdiction of residence
foreign direct investment; FDI
Chinese parsley; coriander; cilantro
International Temperature Scale; ITS
very cosmopolitan; very international
very cosmopolitan; very international
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
foreign tourists to Japan
Chinese knot; Chinese knotting art; knotting art
reform of the Japanese script
issues pertaining to a nation's script (e.g. standardization of kanji in Japanese)
visa residence status covering technology, humanities and international services
US mainland; American mainland
foreigner complex; (supposed) Japanese feeling of inferiority towards foreigners (particularly Westerners)
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; ICZN
International Year of the Child
local government code; standard area code
religious state; theocracy
National Health Insurance evasion (using a false employment status)
worthy of being a national treasure; national-treasure class; exceptionally outstanding; peerless; one of a kind
Tsukuba International University
Partai Nasional Indonesia
The Chicago International Language School; CILS
Human Genome Organization; HUGO
Britain's Royal Society of Medicine
British Royal Gardening Society
the Royal Academy of Arts (UK); The Academy
British Educational Communications and Technology Agency
Institute of International Education in London; IIEL
British and Foreign Bible Society
British Geological Survey; BGS
British Trust for Ornithology; BTO
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
British Antarctic Survey; BAS
Special Air Service; Special Air Service Regiment
Foreign Automobile Importers Association; Faia
Science and International Affairs Bureau
Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd.; KIAC
Korean Institute of Science and Technology
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; KAERI
Korea Aerospace Research Institute; KARI
National Library of Korea
Korea Industrial Safety Corporation; Korea Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; KRIBB
Korean Standards Association; KSA
Export-Import Bank of Korea
Miyazaki International University
Kyūshuu International University
Mathematical Linguistic Society of Japan
Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research
Guangdong International Trust and Investment Corporation
National Enterprise Board
State Environmental Protection Administration; SEPA
National Intelligence Council
Kokugakuin Junior College
historical text purported to have been written in 620 by Shotoku Taishi and Soga no Umako
International Mobile Satellite Organization; IMSO
International Academy of Astronautics
International Transport Workers' Federation; ITF
International Congress of Inflammation
International Association of Applied Psychology
Federation of International Musicians
International Musicological Society
International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres; IAML
International Phonetic Association
Foundation for Advancement of International Science
Japanese Association for International Accounting Studies
International Federation of Accountants; IFAC
International Union of Students
International Institute for Environment and Development
International Nursing Foundation of Japan
International Co-operative Alliance
Institute of International Education
International Institute for Educational Planning
Association of International Educational Exchange; AiEE
International Institute for Management Development; IMD
Japan Society of International Economics; JSIE
L'Association Internationale des Etudiants en Sciences Economiques et Commercial
International Kendo Federation
Japan International Trading Cooperation Organization; JITCO
International Society for Contemporary Music; ISCM
Japan Society of Research and Information on Public and Co-operative Economy; Japan CIRIEC
Public Services International
International Association of Ports and Harbors
International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities; IALA
International Institute of Administrative Sciences
International Society of Hypertension
International Osteoporosis Foundation; IOF
International Sugar Organization
Association of International Instructors; AII; US YMCA diving education system founded 1959
Private International Law Association of Japan
International Reagents Corporation
Federation Dentaire Internationale
International Association for Suicide Prevention
International Federation of Automatic Control
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions; ICFTU
International Sociological Association
International Social Security Association
International Publishers Association
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International Trade Marks Association; INTA
World Federation of Exchanges
(Niigata) University of International and Information Studies
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; IPGRI
International Plant Growth Substance Association; IPGSA
International Colour Association; AIC
International Food Policy Research Institute; IFPRI
International Neuro-Ophthalmology Society; INOS
International Society of Nephrology; ISN
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions; IFLA
International Coalition of Fisheries Associations; ICFA
International Union of Physiological Sciences
International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering; ISPE
International Federation of Red Cross
International Federation of the Red Cross; IFRC
International Association of Classification Societies
International Sumo Federation (highest body in amateur sumo)
Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriete Industrielle; International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property; AIPPI
International Union of Local Authorities
International Iron and Steel Institute; IISI
International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation
Congress of the International Headache Society; IHC; International Headache Society; IHS
International Animal Health & Management College; IAC
International Patent Institute
International Japanese Education Center; IJEC
International Dairy Foods Association
International Stroke Society
International Institute of Agriculture
Haiku international association
International Cultural Association
International Broadcasting Institute
Organisation internationale de metrologie legale; International Organization of Legal Metrology; OIML
Charter of International Trade Organization
International Democratic Union
Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique; International Pharmaceutical Federation
International Congress of Pharmacology
International Dairy Federation
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations
International Institute of Refrigeration
International Solidarity Movement; ISM
International Industrial Relations Association
International Institute for Labour Study
World Confederation of Labour (Labor)
International Association for the Study of Pain; IASP
Kokushi Taikei (history text; orig. ed. by Taguchi Ukichi, pub. 1897-1904; rev. ed. by Kuroita Katsumi, pub. 1929-1964)
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith, 1776); The Wealth of Nations
Industrial College of the Armed Forces
National Defense University
National Life Finance Corporation (1949-2008)
National Life Finance Corporation
National Issues Forum; NIF
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; NIEHS
National Institute for Education Policy Research
National Institute for Educational Policy Research
National Institute of Economic and Social Research
National Chiao Tung University; NCTU
National Kaohsiung Normal University; NKNU
National Museum of Natural Science
National Cardiovascular Center
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Sleep Foundation
National Cheng Kung University; NCKU
National Chengchi University
National Tsing Hua University; NTHU
National Institute for Leprosy Research
National Taiwan Normal University
Japan Association of National University Libraries; JANUL
Toyohashi University of Technology
National Chung Hsing University
National Sun Yat-sen University; NSYSU
National Chung Cheng University
National Institute of Special Education; NISE
National Agricultural Library
National Institute on Drug Abuse; NIDA
National Yang-Ming University
National School for Children with Disabilities
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
UN Correspondents Association
UN Association of the United States of America; UNA-USA
World Federation of United Nations Associations
UN Institute for Disarmament Research
UN Special Session on Children
UN Research Institute for Social Development
UN University Institute of Advanced Studies; UNU-IAS
UN regional cartographic conference
Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly
UN Relief and Works Agency
Korean Residents Union in Japan (former name)
Shikoku Chemicals Corporation
Shikoku National Industrial Research Institute
Shikoku National Industrial Research Institute
Shikoku Branch Administrative Inspection Bureau
Shikoku Women's University
Shitennōji International Buddhist University
Liberal National Congress (part of the LDP); JKK
Shanghai Institute for International Studies
Credit Union National Association, Inc.; CUNA
Niigata University of International and Information Studies
New Tokyo International Airport Authority
Kobe University of Foreign Studies
International Shinto Foundation; ISF
Banque Centrale des Etas de l'Afrique de l'Ouset
Chiba International Animal Health & Management College
Japan Musical Instruments Association
Japan Association for Language Teaching; JALT
National Association of Prefectural Credit Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives
Japan Association of Colleges for Business Education
National Farmers Union; NFU
National Farmers' Organization
Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency
Osaka International University for Women
Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment
China Medical University; CMU
China Chemical Fibers Association; CCFA
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; IMPCAS
Chugoku National Industrial Research Institute
China Chamber of International Commerce; CCOIC
China International Trust and Investment Corporation
Chinese Culture University
Civil Aviation Administration of China; CAAC
China Pharmaceutical University
Nagasaki Prefectural University of International Economics
Teikoku Women's University
Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties
National Museum of Western Art; NMWA
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan) (abbr)
International Student Association of Japan
Japan International Education Society; JIES
Japan Cartographers Association
Japan Association for International Education
Japan Domestic Airlines (1964-1971)
Japanese National Railways Settlement Corporation; JNR SC
Chinese Language Society of Japan
Japan Attorneys Pension Fund
Commemorative Association for the Japan World Exposition
Yachiyo International University
Fukuoka International University
Association of American Medical Colleges; AAMC
MPAA; American Film Institute; AFI
American College of Nutrition; ACN
American Chemistry Council; ACC
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
American Accounting Association
American College of Surgeons; ACS
American Academy of Ophthalmology
American Meteorological Society; AMS
American Thoracic Society; ATS
American Bankers Association; ABA
American Economics Association
American Institute of Architecture
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America; PhRMA
American Public Health Association
American Association of Public Accountants
American Society of Hypertension; ASH
US National Library of Medicine; NLM
American Society for Cell Biology; ASCB
American Society for Testing Materials; ASTM
American College of Dentists; ACD
American Automobile Association
American Civil Liberties Union; ACLU
American Academy of Pediatrics; AAP
American Psychological Association
American Academy of Neurology
American Association for Artificial Intelligence
American Society of Nephrology; ASN
American Library Association
American Water Works Association; AWWA
American Political Science Association
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; AAOS
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (pn)
American Petroleum Institute; API
National Futures Association
Geological Society of America; GSA
American Geological Institute
US Geological Survey; USGS
American Geographical Society; AGS
American Arbitration Association; AAA
Association of American Railroads; AAR
American Society of Civil Engineers; ASCE
Humane Society of the United States
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; ASPCA
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
American Society for Microbiology
American Hospital Association; AHA
American College of Pathologists
American Institute of Physics; AIP
American Bar Association; ABA
American College of Radiation Oncology; ACRO
US Pharmacopeial Convention
Export-Import Bank of the United States; EIB
U.S. postal service; UNITED STATES POST OFFICE
West Point military-academy
American National Archives
Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Authority; HSBA
International Federation of National Standardization (pn)
Suzuka International University
International Police Association; IPA
KDD; Kokusai Denshin Denwa
National Railway Motive Power Union
British Standards Institute; BSI
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee; CCITT
Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications; CCIR
Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage; CIE
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (abbr); NILIM
Supreme Court of the United States of America; SCOTUS
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Middle-earth (in J.R.R. Tolkien's works)
China National Space Administration; CNSA
International Cloud Atlas
Kukkiwon; World Taekwondo Headquarters
Transparency International
United Nations Department of Global Communications; UNDGC
United Nations University; UN University; UNU
National Union of General Workers (abbr.); NUGW
National College of Nursing
Nagasaki University of Foreign Studies
International Professional University of Technology in Tokyo
Chugoku Gakuen University
International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies
Professional Institute of International Fashion
Kaichi International University
Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare
Hagoromo University of International Studies
Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing
Meiji University of Integrative Medicine
Ministry of National Defense (China)
State Ethnic Affairs Commission (China)
National Institute of Health (former)
Kokushikan University (abbr)
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; CCDC
United Nations Human Rights Council; UNHRC
Iwanami Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Iwanami Shoten) (abbr)
Aikoku Gakuen Junior College
National Federation Of Industrial Organizations (1949-1988); FIO
National Trade Union Confederation (1930-1936)
Sanseido Kokugo Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Sanseido) (abbr)
Community of Portuguese Language Countries; CPLP
China Central Television; CCTV
International Federation for Victory over Communism (group affiliated with the former Unification Church)
Bank of China; The Chugoku Bank (Japan)
China Internet Information Center
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer; IARC
Gendai Kokugo Reikai Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan) (abbr)
anniversary of Yukio Mishima's death (November 25)
International Institute for Mining Technology, JMEC; MINETEC
International Cricket Council; ICC
National Federation of Employees' Pensioners' Associations
National Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives
United Nations Emergency Force
Greater Japan Patriotic Party
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; ITSO
National Cybersecurity Office (Japan); NCO
a country ruled by a prince or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince
Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)