king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
foreign country; other country; another province; strange land; alien land
each nation; many nations; many countries
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
dukedom; duchy; principality
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
various countries; various regions; various provinces
Japan; the (Japanese) empire
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
one country; whole country; hotheaded; stubborn
home country; one's own country; suzerain country (from the perspective of the vassal state); colonizing country; country of one's ancestors; this country
motherland; fatherland; native country
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
outside the country; abroad
(United States of) America; USA; US
international; diplomatic intercourse
country; territory; domain; realm
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic
all over the country; everywhere in the country; throughout the nation
national convention; national competition; national athletic meet
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
national defence; national defense
allied nations; the Allies (World War I, World War II); Allied powers
defense of one's country; defence of one's country
domestic; domestically-produced; produced within a country
one's home country; one's homeland
international; worldwide; cross-border; cosmopolitan
patriot devoted to the salvation of his country
federation; federal state; United States of America
various foreign countries; several foreign countries
a country whose laws are based on religious criteria; theocracy
galactic empire (in science fiction)
national defence forces; national security forces
nationality; citizenship; nationality (ship, airplane, etc.); registration; flag
surrounding countries; neighboring countries; neighbouring countries
vassal state; vassal nation; dependency
deportation; expulsion from the country
northern country; northern provinces; northern regions; northland
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world
western part of Japan (esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki); western nations (esp. India or Europe); thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara); pilgrimage to the thirty-three temples sacred to Kannon
foreigner; stranger; outsider; alien
national (e.g. hero, pastime, consensus); relevant to all citizens; popular on a national level
indigenous person; inhabitant of a country; local; native; local lords and samurai; daimyo who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
domestic and foreign; inside and outside the country
all over Japan; throughout Japan
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
advanced (developed) country; advanced nations
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
strong nation; powerful country
patriotic feelings; patriotism
marquisate; marquessate; principality
beauty; siren; courtesan; prostitute
neighboring countries; neighbouring countries; surrounding countries
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
national polity; National Athletic Meet
queendom; country ruled by a queen
government management; state management
independent state; independent nation
love of one's country; patriotism; Ireland
patriotic concern for the future of one's country
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
Western countries; (former) Western Bloc countries
Briton; Englishman; (the) English
the Third Reich; Nazi Germany
Japanese citizen; Japanese citizens
child who has returned to Japan after living abroad; returnee child; (Japanese) person who lived abroad during (part of) their childhood
imperial soldier; soldier in an imperial army
every region of the country; all corners of the country; nationwide
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
smuggling oneself into a country; illegal immigration
international community; international society; the world
language of one's country; mother tongue; native language
international law; law of nations
national traits or character; nationality
national crisis; national disaster
study of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture; (arch.) provincial school (under Japan's ritsuryo system and pre-Sui Chinese law)
partner country; other country (in a dispute, arrangement, etc.); opponent (country)
same country; same province; the (said) country
national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang); provincial office (under the ritsuryo system); provincial capital
all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations
Manchukuo (Japanese Manchurian puppet state; 1932-1945)
exotic mood; exotic atmosphere; exoticism
nation at war; militant nation
Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Empire
immigration check; immigration inspection
multinational; transnational
citizens of one's own country; fellow countrymen; compatriots
traitor (to one's country); quisling
state-supported provincial temple (Nara period)
minister of state; cabinet minister (Japan)
Department of Defense (USA); the Pentagon; Ministry of Defence (UK, etc.)
father of one's country; father of the nation
regional administrator (pre-Taika hereditary title)
the Six Kingdoms (of China's Warring States period: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao); the six tree-derived incense varieties used in kōdō ceremonies
provincial governor (under the ritsuryo system, any of a group of officials, esp. the director)
emerging market; emerging nation; emergent nation; developing country; developing nation
constitution of Japan; Japanese constitution
the Big Three (countries)
incense variety used in kōdō (orig. from Thailand)
state funeral; national funeral
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922); Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist Party); Kuomintang
national railway; Japan National Railways (1949-1987)
European countries; European nations
Japan; name for Japan used in ancient China
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
one's native country; land of one's birth
(former) imperial university
member nation; member state; signatory
city-state (e.g. Vatican)
civilized nation; civilised nation
hypothetical or imaginary enemy
history of a nation; Japanese history
fellow countryman; compatriot; person from the same province; person from said country
worldwide; common to the whole world; universal
between both countries; bilateral
Holy Roman Empire (800-1806)
agricultural country; agrarian nation
national expenditure; government spending; public funds
Empire of Japan (Japan's official name under the Meiji Constitution)
unpatriotic person; traitor (to one's country)
Department of Defense (U.S.); the Pentagon
governments of various nations of the world
national sport (e.g. sumo)
of unknown nationality (of a vessel, plane, etc.); unidentified
undeveloped country; third world country
illegal entry (into a country); illegal immigration
Yamataikoku; historical Japanese state thought to have existed during the late Yayoi period
foreigner; alien; stranger
foreign (product, esp. agricultural); of foreign manufacture
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
international politics; world politics
feudal lord; head of a household; proudly independent person
Japanese nationality; Japanese citizenship
country; state; various countries
Axis powers (World War II)
national mood; national sentiment; national feeling
Immigration Bureau; Immigration Office
scholar of (ancient) Japanese literature and culture
revenue office; taxation bureau
Republic of China (Taiwan); ROC
(possession of) one feudal domain and one castle; being independent (acting without compromise or assistance); establishing only one castle in each feudal domain (edict issued by the shogunate in 1615)
entrant (into a country); immigrant
foreign trade; external trade
skilled physician; noted doctor; master
the life of the people; the people's living
selling out one's country; betraying one's country; treason
the various countries of Europe and America; the West
diplomatic message sent by a head of state; sovereign letter; book written in Japanese (as opposed to Chinese, etc.); Japanese book; national literature (of Japan)
United Nations (UN) Headquarters
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
elementary school (in Japan; 1941-1947)
rich country; national enrichment
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
national paper; paper with a national circulation
domestic air route; domestic airline (company)
emigration and immigration
whole nation; entire nation; all the people
city electric train service operated by (former) Japanese National Railways
selection by the state (esp. of a defense lawyer); appointment; assignment
national assembly (esp. France)
(Republic of) China (i.e. Taiwan)
national network broadcast; nation-wide broadcast
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
economic superpower; economic powerhouse
stranger; person from another place
national ownership; state ownership; government ownership
Republic of Korea; South Korea
domestically produced car
national emblem; (national) coat of arms
distinguished citizen; patriot
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
foreign cinema; foreign film; a foreign movie
Secretary of Defence (Defense)
warring nations; belligerents
People's Republic of China
world fair; international exposition
state-sponsored; national
nationalization; nationalisation
Asian countries; Asian nations
Constitution of the Empire of Japan; Meiji Constitution
making a country prosperous; prosperous country; Kōkoku era (of the Southern Court) (1340.4.28-1346.12.8)
national uniform (such as mandated for Japanese males in 1940)
entirely domestically produced; 100% domestically made
national fortunes; destiny of a country
nationalism; extreme patriotism
permanent member of the UN Security Council
traveling throughout the country (travelling)
United Nations Security Council
The Confederate States of America; The Confederacy; CSA
foreign travel; overseas trip
host country (e.g. for a conference)
tour round the country (Japan) (visiting from province to province)
People's Honour Award (honor); National Honour Award
United Nations General Assembly; General Assembly of the United Nations
country of origin; country of manufacture
distinguished person; thirteen orphans; winning hand containing one of each terminal and honor tile plus one extra copy of any of them
foreign citizenship; foreign nationality
National Tax Agency (Japan); national taxation agency (e.g. IRS)
countries concerned (involved)
political offence; political offense
internal (to a country); interior; home; national; domestic
smuggling oneself out of a country
internal (domestic) affairs
international law in time of war
sovereignty of the people
multinational corporation; transnational corporation
state of a country (population, resources, etc.); condition of a country; strength of a country
other nations; other peoples
Vatican City; Vatican City State
Nationalist Government (of China; i.e. under the Kuomintang)
international organization; international organisation
nationalistic; ultranationalistic
various countries; several countries
national pension; government pension system
food universally loved by all citizens; comfort food
international cooperation; international harmony
international trade; international trading
oil-producing countries (nations)
departure (sailing) formalities
ancient nation; homeland; one's native land; birthplace
International Space Station
foreign (exchange) student; international student
municipal (civic) law; domestic law; national law
Country of Na (a country that existed within Japan during the Yayoi period)
industrialized nation; industrialised nation
defence expenditure; defense expenditure; defence cost; defense cost
department of Japanese literature
life in a foreign country; living abroad
immigration (and emigration) control
constitutional functions (of the emperor)
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
Korean Empire (1897-1910)
uncivilized country; savage land
international organization; international organisation
Eastern European countries
Committee of the National Diet
(Japanese) National Defense Council (1956-86) (Defence); National Security Council (USA)
laws established by daimyo applicable only in their own domain (during the Warring States period)
(South) Korean cooking; (South) Korean food
Meiji Constitution (Constitution of the Empire of Japan)
Interpol notice (circulation)
national land development (e.g. building infrastructure, roads, etc.)
enhancing national prestige; expanding national influence
one's native language; one's mother tongue
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
Anglican Church; Church of England
foreign delegation; foreign mission; diplomatic envoy
foreign business; foreign enterprise; foreign corporation
Japanese government bond; JGB
nation-wide hookup; nationwide broadcast
immigration officer; immigration inspector
official writing system of a country; official script; kana (as opposed to kanji); Japanese syllabary; kanji created in Japan (as opposed to China); Japanese-made kanji
(former) Eastern Bloc countries
government bonds for retail investors
among countries; between countries
public holiday; national holiday
international cooperation
international competitiveness; global competitiveness
international mail; overseas mail
province of the second highest rank (ritsuryo system); provinces close to the capital
Japanese philology; Japanese linguistics
international agreement; accord
signatory nation; treaty power; party to a treaty; contracting state
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea); DPRK
national health insurance
United Nations resolution; UN resolution
taste for the exotic; infatuation with a foreign way of life; exoticism
bilateral relations; relationship between two countries
El Dorado; legendary land of wealth
non-member state; non-member nation
government; administration
one-state socialism (Stalinist theory); socialism in one country
permanently neutral country
dual nationality; dual citizenship
multilateral; multinational
departure inspection (when leaving a country)
major agricultural country; agricultural power; agripower
Shikoku region (incl. Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime and Kochi prefectures)
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
country of origin (of goods)
(arch.) provincial governor's office; provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
cosmopolitan (international) way of thinking; feeling for the wider world
Arab countries; Arab states
disease affecting an entire nation
international film festival
parliamentary investigation rights
Great Patriotic War (Russian name for the war along the eastern front during World War II)
Islamic State; IS; Islamic State of Iraq and Syria; ISIS; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; ISIL
monarchy; monarch and nation
defense minister; defence minister
the people of all nations
international balance of payments
Imperial Japanese Navy (1872-1945)
national review (referendum on a legal matter)
re-entry (into a country)
cold country; cold region
pilgrimage of the Saigoku-Sanjūsansho (33 temples in the Kinki region)
Mughal Empire; Mogul Empire
internationally-minded person; cosmopolitan; cosmopolite; international celebrity
inexpensive hotel operated by a local government
patriotic group or organization (organisation)
government news; state-run news
nationalization; nationalisation
Democratic Republic of the Congo
international driving permit; international drivers' license; international license
medical insurance for the whole nation
host country (e.g. for a meeting); chair country
transition to domestic production; import substitution
one's debt to one's country
(national) isolationism; isolation policy
international exposition; world expo; world fair
to administer the affairs of state
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
least developed country; poorest country
most favored nation treatment; most favoured nation status
shrine honoring war dead; shrine honouring war dead
civilized world; civilised world
foreign route; ocean route
democratic state; (a) democracy
government-run television; public television
warm country; warm region
Japanese language (as a school subject in Japan)
poor country; third world country; impoverished nation
member country of the executive committee in an international organization (organisation)
citizen's holiday; by law, any weekday that falls between two other national holidays (e.g. between 1985 and 2006 May 4, now Greenery Day)
gross domestic product; GDP
aim to make a country a travel destination
International Criminal Court; ICC
patriotic song; The Patriotic Song (e.g. Aegukga, national anthem of South Korea)
International Committee of the Red Cross
international broadcast(ing)
International Court of Justice; ICJ
deficit-covering (government) bond
Dhrtarastra (Buddhist deity)
United Nations Secretariat
Japanese Language Council
international language; world language; global lingua franca; constructed international auxiliary language (e.g. Esperanto)
State Council (of the People's Republic of China)
Sixteen Kingdoms (collection of sovereign states in and around China; 304-439 CE); Sixteen Kingdoms period
nuclear power; nuclear state
bilingual; in two languages
gross national product; GNP
returnee; homecomer; person who has returned (home) to their country
United Nations Security Council
unfailing devotion to one's country
national textbooks; textbook published by the government
world exposition; international exposition; world fair
88 temples of Shikoku (holy spots related to Kobo Daishi)
German Democratic Republic (i.e. former East Germany)
creditor country; creditor nation
hired foreigner; foreign advisor hired by the Japanese government for their specialized knowledge to assist in the modernization of Japan at the end of the Bakufu and during the Meiji Era
once-powerful nation now in decline; great nation grown old
national research and development agency
non-permanent member (UN Security Council)
the rising generation; children
Islamic country; Islamic nation
international military tribunal
British person; British citizen; Briton
UN Charter; Charter of the United Nations
Shikoku pilgrimage (to the 88 temples); Shikoku pilgrim
Rikkokushi; the six ancient Japanese historical collections compiled between the Nara and Heian periods
choice of nationality; choice of citizenship
Nordic countries; Scandinavian countries
multiple citizenship; multiple nationality
Model United Nations; Model UN
developing country; emerging nation
xenophobia; exclusion (of foreigners)
university of foreign studies; university specializing in foreign languages
Bank for International Settlements; BIS
annexation of Korea (by Japan; 1910-1945)
government-controlled corporation
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (of China; 907-979)
place names used during the Ritsuryo period
state examination (e.g. medical school)
member countries (e.g. treaty, UN, etc.); member states
Buddhist country; the land of Buddha; Buddhist paradise
province of the lowest rank (ritsuryo system); (arch.) leaving for the provinces
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
South Korean national living in Japan
United Mexican States (Mexico)
government-financed or sponsored foreign student
National Foundation Day (national holiday; February 11)
National Institute of Health Sciences; NIHS
International Military Tribunal for the Far East; IMTFE; Tokyo Trials
Latin Empire (Constantinople, 1204-1261)
foreign good; foreign product
history of Japanese literature
Islamic countries; Islamic world
international politics (as a field of study)
policy of increasing national prosperity and military power
subject nation; subordinate state; dependency
signatory (country); party (to a treaty)
all things have the Buddha nature
foreign residents of Japan; foreigners living in Japan
Interscholastic Athletic Meet; inter-school athletics competition
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party)
unavailability of online content or services in one's country (e.g. due to licensing agreements); geo-blocking
thirty-three temples in the Kinki area containing statues of Kannon (Avalokitesvara)
United Arab Emirates; UAE
translation from a foreign language into Japanese
national treatment; treating foreigners and locals equally
International Monetary Fund; IMF
international romantic relationship
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; USSR; Soviet Union
Republic of the Philippines
International Whaling Commission; IWC
member state of the European Union; EU country
returning to one's fatherland
Federal Republic of Germany (former West Germany)
national of a third country; foreigner resident in Japan (esp. Chinese and Korean)
biographical notes and character sketches of prominent individuals, arranged according to place of birth or origin
one country, two systems (Chinese policy allowing for areas such as Hong Kong to maintain their own economic and administrative systems)
policy favouring major powers; policy of great powers favorable only to themselves
Japan's National High School Baseball Tournament (Koshien)
Japanese National Railways (1949-1987)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
English, Mathematics and Japanese
international organization
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (Organisation); FAO
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
party to an entente; ally
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
international maritime signal flags; international signal flag
non-Japanese celebrity; foreigner celebrity
Great Qing Empire (China, 1644-1912); Qing dynasty
home and country; state; country; home town
Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act
foreign corporation; overseas company
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
International Mathematical Olympiad
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
Principality of Liechtenstein
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
international tension; international tensions
mail from abroad; foreign mail; overseas mail
international cultural exchange
state-owned enterprise; SOE
debtor nation; debt-laden country; debtor country
protectorate (country); dependency; dependent state
national interests and the people's welfare
provincial governorate (beginning in the late Heian period)
emperor-centered historiography (of Japan)
Patriotic War (Russian name for the war with Napoleon in 1812)
national law; laws of a nation; national rites and ceremonies; Japanese literature
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
alien registration card; foreigner registration card
international reply-paid coupon
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KSA
United Nations Secretariat
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party)
(a woman of) unparalleled beauty; (a woman's beauty being) matchless throughout the land
internationally protected animal
prospects of a country; outlook for a country; national fate
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (in Japan); SCAP
underdeveloped country; half-civilized country; half-civilised country
those who wish to rule the land must first cultivate their own characters, then manage their families, then govern their states; only then can they bring peace to the land
undeveloped country; third world country
official name of a country
foreign loan; foreign debt; foreign bond
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; UNHCR
Nazism; national socialism
national humiliation; national disgrace
gross national income; GNI
international money transfer; overseas remittance
Hellenic Republic (Greece)
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
system of Japanese provinces under the ritsuryo system; ancient provinces of Japan
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
principle (or ideology) of international cooperation
National Revolutionary Army (Republic of China; 1925-1947)
state sponsor of terrorism
domestic timber; domestically-produced lumber
domestically produced rice
national citizen identification number system
debt-servicing costs; expenditure for servicing government bonds
reservation of Japanese nationality (procedure used with children born outside Japan)
most favored nation; most favoured nation; MFN
(Japanese) National Land Agency
national; citizen; native
international humanitarian law; IHL
enfranchisement of foreign residents; voting rights for foreign residents
(school) admission category for students who have lived abroad
regional power; powerful nation within region
disembarkation card; entry card; arrival card; immigration card; landing card; incoming passenger card
Congo Free State (1885-1908 name of the Belgian Congo)
Orange Free State (1854-1902)
Irish Free State (1922-1937)
private international law; conflict of laws
certificate of alien registration; alien registration card
financial contributions to the UN made by member-nations
Immigration Services Agency (of Japan); Immigration Bureau of Japan
former imperial university
International Atomic Energy Agency; IAEA
multilateral conference; multilateral negotiations
home currency rate; denominated in local currency
nationwide instantaneous alert system; J-Alert system; Japan's satellite-based disaster warning system
white-listed country; country on a list of preferred trading partners
Nihon Ryōiki (Heian period collection of Buddhist stories); An Account of Miracles in Japan; Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition
real gross domestic product; real GDP
day of national humiliation (used in China for certain anniversaries of incidents where Japan humiliated China)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
United Republic of Tanzania
gross real national product; real GNP; RGNP
Japanese grammar (esp. traditional)
out of touch with the voters; indifferent to the concerns of the people
Burakumin rights organization formed in 1922
studying (temporarily) at another institution (in the same country as the institution one belongs to); studying or researching at an institution while still employed
United Nations convention
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers); GHQ
Democratic National Committee (US); DNC
United Nations Development Program; UNDP
global roaming (mobile telephone); international roaming
International Baccalaureate; IB
country closed to information from the outside world
domestic; of domestic manufacture
international parcel post (Japan Post international mail service for packages weighing less than 30 kg)
international financial market
United Nations Children's Fund; UNICEF
small country with a small population (The Chinese philosopher Lao-tze's ideal of a state)
Constitutional Nationalist Party (1910-1922)
Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty (1910)
friendly powers; treaty powers
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)
Islamic republic (Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Mauritania)
worrying about the conditions of the country out of sheer patriotism
international service; international affairs
international waters; high seas
international monitoring team; IMT; international observers
treaty power; treaty signatory
the question of national defense (defence)
National Requisition Ordinance (1939)
Federative Republic of Brazil
British disease; Britain's 1970s economic and labour problems
governing a nation and providing relief to people
country that has been a victim of nuclear bombing
shrine receiving offerings from the provincial government (pre-Meiji) or the national treasury (post-Meiji)
state-run television station
United Nations Environment Programme (Program); UNEP
International System of Units; SI
woman so glamorous as to bring ruin to a country (castle) as its king (lord) is captivated by her beauty; femme fatale
international driving permit; international driver's license
International Standard Book Number; ISBN
international comparison; country-by-country comparison
international political economy
ultra-nationalist; hot-tempered person; stubborn person
Japan International Cooperation Agency (1974); JICA
departure card; embarkation card; emigration card
high-quality tobacco produced in Kokubu (Kagoshima prefecture)
International Women's Day
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
International Sign (pidgin sign language); IS
departure tax; expatriation tax; emigration tax; exit tax
one country, two systems (Chinese policy)
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
multilingual; in many languages
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
foreign stock ownership ratio; foreign stockholding ratio
United Nations Human Rights Commission
defense outlay; defense spending
departure permit; exit visa
foreign trainee system; technical intern training program
national traits; national character
International Covenants on Human Rights; ICCPR; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ICESCR
United Nations Commission on Human Rights
international division of labor; international division of labour; international specialization
Temps Atomique International; International Atomic Time; TAI
International Women's Day
people's democratic republic
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Lao People's Democratic Republic
least developed country; LDC
least developed among developing nations
people's socialist republic
United Nations Human Rights Council; UNHRC
United Nations Security Council
gross national expenditure; GNE
policy of alignment with the United Nations; UN-centrism
physical delivery country name
school student who has returned to Japan after living abroad
UN Economic and Social Council
assistant language teacher; ALT; foreign national serving as an assistant teacher of English in a Japanese classroom
United Nations Economic and Social Council
dynamics of international (foreign) relations
national disposable income
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations; CLAIR
Kingdom of the Netherlands
immigration detention center
Confederate States of America; CSA
international criminal law
United Nations Secretary-General
International Nuclear Event Scale; INES
medium-term government securities fund; middle term national bond fund
dual citizen; person having dual citizenship or nationality
overseas (military forces)
certification of information recorded on foreign resident registration file
black-listed country (e.g. trade)
Commonwealth of The Bahamas
International Maritime Organization (Organisation); IMO
International Electrotechnical Commission; IEC
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (formal WHO declaration); PHEIC
Small Island Developing States; SIDS
two-country model (esp. China and Taiwan); two-country doctrine
net domestic product; NDP
national development arterial expressway
General Assembly of the United Nations; United Nations General Assembly
Independent State of Samoa
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
variable interest rate government bonds
(immigration) re-entry permit
Comprehensive National Development Plan (1962-)
tour guide-interpreter; tour guide licensed for guiding foreigners in Japan
International Serials Data System; ISDS
net national product; NNP
positive international law
sale of one's belongings before returning to one's country; sayonara sale
autonomous soviet socialist republic; ASSR
nationwide election campaign
National School Establishment Law (1949)
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
industrialized countries; industrialised countries
advanced industrial nation
millenarianism; millennialism; chiliasm
United Nations Development Programme
Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation
public sector (as opposed to private sector)
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
authorized foreign exchange bank; authorised foreign exchange bank
United Nations Special Commission; UNSCOM
Foreign Exchange Control Law
imported rice; foreign rice
foreign stock; foreign equity
staunchly conservative area; (lit.) kingdom of conservatism
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
pseudo-foreign company; company based abroad but whose main country of business is Japan
international peace cooperation
a country ruled by a prince or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under the generic meaning of the term prince
international marketing; global marketing
international ePacket (Japan Post international airmail service for packages weighing less than 2kg)
international couple; transnational couple; couple with different nationalities
overseas posting; expatriate (employee); expat
international peace activity
Korean studies; Koreanology
century of humiliation (in Chinese history)
official languages of the UN (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish)
issues pertaining to a nation's script (e.g. standardization of kanji in Japanese)
Plurinational State of Bolivia
national health insurance
International Standard Serial Number; ISSN
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UN Special Session on Disarmament
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
interest-bearing government bonds
soviet socialist republic; SSR
(former) Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic; Georgian SSR; GSSR
domestic locations (e.g. of a company); domestic bases
United Nations Environment Program; UNEP
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
domestic standard; local standard
Korea Composite Stock Price Index; KOSPI
National Land Survey Act (1951)
Foreign Exchange and Foreign Control Trade Law
Director General of National Land Agency
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
super-long-term government bond (with a maturity of over ten years)
Universal Character Set; UCS
proletarian internationalism
based on a nation's people; popular base
Ottoman constitution of 1876
feudal lord who did not leave his domains to meet the shogun in Kyoto (during the Muromachi period)
(Britain's) Lord Privy Seal
Argentina; (United States of) America
isolation paradise (esp. unique products without foreign competition)
international aid organization (organisation)
peninsular country (e.g. Italy, Korea)
flag state (of a vessel or aircraft)
customary international law
International Commission on Radiological Protection; ICRP
internally displaced person
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
Republic of Guinea-Bissau
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Republic of Niger; Republic of the Niger
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
small-scale version of the 88 temples of Shikoku (Awaji Island, Shōdoshima, etc.)
Japan International Cooperation Agency; JICA
international bibliography
high contracting powers; signatories
kana orthography (esp. historical) of native Japanese words
International Prototype of the Kilogram; IPK
national health insurance program (programme)
country of origin labeling; COOL
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission; UNMOVIC
Department of Homeland Security; DHS
domestic equilibrium; internal balance; internal equilibrium
International Organization for Standardization; ISO
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
denationalization (industry, company, etc.)
Federal Republic of Somalia
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Federation of Arab Republics
international auxiliary language
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Assistant Secretary of State
King of Na gold seal (National Treasure of Japan)
Kokumin Shinto; People's New Party (Japanese political party)
international standardization
international contract (agreement)
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (East Timor)
native state (of pre-independence India); princely state
state-owned forests and fields
foreign postal money order
NHK Kara Kokumin wo Mamoru Tō (political party)
international arrest warrant
Universal Copyright Convention
Republic of North Macedonia
National Enterprise Labor Relations Law (1986)
foreign tax amount reduction
saving a nation and providing relief to the people
loss of citizenship; denaturalization; expatriation
internationally protected bird
international disaster relief team; international emergency aid unit
inviting country; host nation
national vacation village
transnational organized crime; TOC
member states of the former Soviet bloc
non-oil producing countries; non-oil nation
Express Mail Service (for international mail); EMS
Republic of the Marshall Islands
province-district-neighbourhood administrative divisions (ritsuryo system)
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
Kuomintang (Taiwanese Nationalist Party)
international health regulations
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
international jurisdiction
nationality clause; legislated ban on foreigners taking up public posts
net national welfare; NNW
United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands (1945-1950)
American depositary receipt; ADR
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (1950-1972); USCAR
finger millet (Eleusine coracana)
northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis); sweet shrimp; northern pink prawn; red shrimp; Maine shrimp
North China barbarian nations
Kokubu Station (Kagoshima)