deserted village; poor village
commerce; trade; business
conquest; domination; mastery
influential; prominent; strong; likely; plausible
prosperity; thriving; flourishing
to plan; to plot; to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business); (arch.) to stand on tip-toes
reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration
fulfillment; fulfilment; realization; realisation; completion
American Civil War (1861-1865)
major incident; major happening; big scandal
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
arriving in Japan; visiting Japan
impressive; striking; memorable; impactful
government and people; those in and out of the court or government; the entire nation
to say; to utter; to declare; to name; to call
be (that) as it may; having said that
planning; devising (a plan); drafting; drawing up
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
earrings (for pierced ears); ear piercing; body piercing
military authorities; army circles
anyhow; at all events; in any case; either way; anyway
incredible; extraordinary; exceptional; phenomenal
to sow; to plant; to sow (the seeds of; e.g. conflict); to sprinkle (gold or silver powder on lacquerware)
(a) grain; (a) drop; (a) bead
two grains; two drops; two bead
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
newly-opened land; recently-settled region; frontier; new residential area; new development
jeon; Korean dish of meat, vegetables, etc. coated in flour and egg and fried
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
study of the English language as a means to acquire Western knowledge (esp. after the end of Japan's period of isolation); English literature; British studies
professor; teaching; instruction