indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
queen; female monarch; queen consort; consort of a king; queen; princess
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
one night; all night; overnight; one evening
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thousands; several thousand
counter for birds or rabbits
turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to tie; to fasten; to wear (necktie, belt); to put on; to total; to sum; to be strict with
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
occurrence; happening; incident; event
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
light; light (colour, food, comedy, etc.); right; right field; right fielder
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
passage (of people or vehicles); passing (through); traffic; common usage; widespread use
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
five colors (esp. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
to dye; to colour; to color
street; quarter; district; area
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
main street (as opposed to a side street); high street
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to lie down; to stretch out; to lie ahead (of danger, difficulty, etc.); to lie in wait
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)