beginning to write; beginning of a brush-stroke
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
being full; (counting) completed years (e.g. when calculating age); full (years, months, etc.); Manchuria
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
old name for part of Hyogo prefecture
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
Kanto; region consisting of Tokyo and surrounding prefectures; Kanto; north-eastern half of Japan (during the feudal era)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move (house); to transfer (department); to change the target of interest or concern; to elapse (passage of time); to be permeated by a colour or scent; to be infected
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
as (X, then Y); with; in accordance with; in proportion to
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
nationwide; countrywide; national; throughout the country
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
around the world; throughout the world