spine; backbone; spinal column
(emblem of) three comma-shaped figures arranged to form a circle; three-way fight; three-sided struggle
tomoe; heraldic design composed of two or more interlocked comma-shaped figures
retreat; falling back; recession; waning; backspace (key)
foreign trade; external trade
shogun-authorized trading vessel (authorised)
voyage; passage; travelling
returning from abroad; coming back to one's country (Japan)
shortening; contraction; reduction; curtailment; abbreviation
revision; amendment; alteration
Kan'ei era (1624.2.30-1644.12.16)
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
capital crime; crime resulting in a death penalty
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
isolation; segregation; separation; quarantine
Shimabara Rebellion (1637-1638)
kind-hearted; benevolence
state of mind; mentality; psychology
lower grade; low class; junior (officer)
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
Amakusa Shirou Tokisada (1621-1638)
God's will; heaven's decree; mandate of Heaven; one's life; one's lifespan
violence; oppression; high-handedness; tyranny; despotism
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
Izu (former province located on the Izu Peninsula in present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Izu Islands)
(not so) much; (not) very
holding a castle (during a siege); holing up; confinement (to one's home); staying at home; staying indoors
Bitchū (former province located in the west of present-day Okayama Prefecture)
entreaty; appeal; petition
magnanimity; tolerance; large eyes
era; CE (Common Era); AD (Anno Domini)
name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa); Japanese era name
any- (e.g. anything, anywhere, anyone); -ever (e.g. whatever, wherever, whenever); even (if it's just ...); at least; either ... or ...
firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
foreign voyage; travelling overseas; travelling abroad
destination; whereabouts; future; prospects