creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
picture painted by oneself; self-portrait
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
great; grand; magnificent; outstanding; mighty
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
honour; honor; glory; privilege
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
dishonor; dishonour; disgrace; shame
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
third day of the month; three days
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
really; truly; indeed; good grief
unexpected; unforeseen; strange
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
employee; worker; laborer (labourer); blue-collar worker