one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mimasaka (former province located in the northeast of present-day Okayama Prefecture)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
what street? (esp. in Kyoto and Sapporo); what article? (in a law); (arch.) how can?; (arch.) cannot possibly
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
messenger; police and judicial chief (Heian and Kamakura periods); klesha (polluting thoughts such as greed, hatred and delusion, which result in suffering)
embezzlement; misappropriation; usurpation
East-Asian lacquer; japan; Chinese lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum, formerly Rhus verniciflua)
nonglutinous grain (not sticky enough to make mochi rice cakes)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to say; to utter; to declare; to name; to call
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish