substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
second day of the month; two days
what kind of; what sort of; what; how; in what way
to scrape out; to rake out (e.g. ashes); to bail out (e.g. water)
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
cloth (for Japanese clothes); kimono fabrics; textile; silk fabrics
red cloth; red background
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
festival held on January 10 in honor of Ebisu, the god of fishing and commerce
to become frosted; to become frosty
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
persistence; single-mindedness
to be finished; to be completed; to be done
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to project; to overhang; to stick out; to put up (a notice); to post
home (of something); place famous for its ...; place of origin; birthplace; morning session; last session in the morning
affable; amiable; sociable; agreeable
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
to treat; to handle; to deal with; to arrange; to decorate; to dress
stinking; smelly; suspicious; fishy; clumsy; unskilled
fluently (speaking a foreign language); incessantly (speaking); glibly; one after the other (flipping through pages); thin (paper, cloth, etc.); flimsy
karuta; traditional Japanese playing cards
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
person with whom to speak; someone to talk to; companion; advisor; adviser
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
while; during; while; although; all; both
toil; drudgery; penal servitude; imprisonment (with hard labour)