at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
time; hour; period; class
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Ginza (shopping district in Tokyo); (Edo period) silver mint
funds; capital; material; basis; character; qualities
life; living; I; me; student
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
right side; right-hand side
thereupon; shortly thereafter
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar