to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
old-timer; veteran; senior; old stump; old roots
active duty; active service; student taking (university) entrance exams while still enrolled in school; student who passed their university entrance exams on the first try
to stay on; to remain; to hold out; to stop (doing); to give up
departure; leaving; setting off
preparation; arrangements
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
signature; signing; sealing
for the time being; at present; (arch.) hindrance
preparation; provision; establishment
discomfort; inconvenience; poverty; want; inability; disability
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
sudden; abrupt; improvised; hasty; impromptu skit; bandwagon fan
Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) usu. to the general populace
defense; defence; fielding
obligation; duty; charge; responsibility
(present) head of a family
going (up) to the capital; going to Tokyo
13th day of the month; 13 days
meaning; significance; sense
Moon; month; moonlight; (a) moon; natural satellite
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
Namamugi Incident (August 1862); Kanagawa Incident; Richardson Affair
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
fixed date; appointed date; set date; deadline; due date
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
in advance; beforehand; previously; ahead of time
collision; crash; impact; clash; skirmish; conflict
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
territory; domain; dominion; possession; sphere of action
stuffing; packing; endgame; final stage; end; end (esp. of a bridge); edge
field; plain; hidden interior part (of a structure or object); wild (of an animal or plant)
buttocks; behind; undersurface; bottom; last place; end
nobleman; dignitary; feudal lord (of the Edo period); daimyo; man brought up away from the world; arrogant man with little knowledge of the ways of the world
to come to meet (someone); to come to pick up