one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
countryman; provincial; person from the country; provincial person; bumpkin; hick
departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting; leaving
the point just before; the point of doing; the verge of happening
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to speak; to say; to vocalize
to run into; to rush into; to (run and) seek refuge in; to take shelter in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to approve; to agree; to inscribe; to praise; to laud
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
sweat; perspiration; moisture; condensation; gulp; oops
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to sit down; to take a seat