indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
fields (of rice and other crops)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
because of; owing to; due to
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to make up for; to compensate for; to indemnify; to recompense; to redeem (e.g. a fault); to atone for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
at least; at most; (even) just
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
second in rank; second sign of the Chinese calendar
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...