indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
earnestly; immediately; exactly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
custom; practice; said; aforementioned; instance; example
cram school; private tutoring school
trace; tracks; site; remains; scar
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the way back; the way home; return trip
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to feel; to sense; to experience
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one's life under medical treatment; (means and time spent) fighting against an illness
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
period; dot character; period (era, amount of time); period
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
to get better; to get well; to recover (from an illness); to be cured; to be restored; to heal
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
health; healthy; sound; fit
value; worth; virtue; blessing
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
illness; disease; bad habit; weakness; fault
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
then; in that case; considering; if that is the case; if so
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
(a) little; somewhat; somehow