yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to compete with; to argue with; to quarrel
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
such ... as; or some such
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
feeling; sense; impression
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
meaning; significance; sense
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
to settle; to finish; to bring to an end
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
post horse; mounted courier; express messenger on horseback; fast horse; swift horse
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.