to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
opening (of uncultivated land)
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
second day of the month; two days
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
cloth bib displaying a competitor's number; athlete's number
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no matter what; whatever happens; in any situation; rain or shine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
form; shape; figure; visage
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
distorted; crooked; oval; elliptical shape; round, wooden container for cooked rice; oval coin
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least