indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
meaning; significance; sense
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
sleeve; wing (of a stage, desk, gate, etc.)
to swing; to shake; to wave; to veer; to deflect; to lean towards
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
pachinko; mechanical gambling game superficially resembling pinball; slingshot; catapult; pistol
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
argument; discussion; theory (e.g. of evolution); doctrine; essay; treatise
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to earn (income); to make (money); to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to work hard (at one's job); to labor
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
gambling; gaming; speculation; undertaking a risky venture; (arch.) professional gambler; (arch.) gamester
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
raising the curtain; opening (of an event); start of a season