ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
why; how; for what reason
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
law; regulation; rule; code; agreement; arrangement
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
Holy City (e.g. Jerusalem, Mecca)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mysterious; bewitching; alluring; enticing; enchanting
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
of course; certainly; naturally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as