useless resistance; vain struggle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to tell someone's fortune; to forecast; to predict; to divine
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
chalice (for Holy Communion); Holy Chalice; Holy Grail
war; fighting; fierce competition
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
capacity; volume; capacitance
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)