indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to build (a nest); to nest; to haunt (a place); to hang out (somewhere)
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
mole cricket (esp. the Oriental mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
living thing; living creature; animal; life
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation