indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
self-proclaimed; self-professed; professing oneself to be; calling oneself; first person
space alien; alien; extraterrestrial being
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
fishing; angling; change (for a purchase); clickbaiting; trolling; writing deliberately inflammatory posts online
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
of no interest; not interested
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
water pistol; squirt gun; water gun
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
forcibly; against one's will
to allow; to let (somebody) do; to make (somebody) do
to get stuck with (some job); to end up with (something unpleasant)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
disorderly; messy; absurd; unreasonable; very; extremely
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
soup made with red miso paste; red miso soup
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)