the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
port city; harbour city; harbor city
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reaching; attaining; arrival
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
almost; roughly; approximately
hope; promise; expectation; anticipation; side of a structural member
at this stage; at this point; now (contrasting with the past)
original method or procedure; serious; orthodox; classical
top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
endurance; perseverance; patience
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
fire fighting; extinguishing a fire
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
intolerable; unbearable; tremendous; out of this world; cannot help (doing); cannot but do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
lump; mass; group; crowd; embodiment (of an idea, quality, feeling etc.); personification
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
to perceive; to sense; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
easily; readily; quickly; lightly (seasoned food, applied make-up, etc.); plainly; simply