underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
competing; competition; auction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
Japanese fiber banana (Musa basjoo)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
preparing for action or battle
backdoor; rear entrance; rear exit; unauthorized; illicit; illegal
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
front; frontage; facade; main
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
duty; function; office; mission; task
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
to partition; to divide; to direct; to manage; to settle accounts; to assume a crouching posture (at the start of a bout)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to employ; to hire; to charter
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every