long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one's goal); way; process
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days
infinity; infinitude; eternity; infinite; limitless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
phylogenetic tree; genealogical tree; family tree; evolutionary tree; dendrogram
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to engrave an inscription; to call (designate) itself; to mark; to label
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
countries all over the world; all the countries of the world
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
coincident with; while; simultaneously
sale; offering for sale; release (for sale); launch (product)
understood; I see; OK; present; here
welcome!; nice to see you!
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
courteous; decorous; polite
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
control; management (e.g. of a business)
artificial intelligence; AI
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
surname; family name; last name
grey starling (Sturnus cineraceus); gray starling; starling (any bird of family Sturnidae); bumpkin; gullible person; sixty-nine (sexual position)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fame; glory; reputation; English name (of plants, animals, etc.)
name; given name; first name