indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
to be in time (for); to serve (suit, meet) the purpose; to be good enough; to be enough
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
Alice; Alliss; Alyce; Arisu
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
Wonderland (fictional locale created by author Lewis Carroll)
kokkuri; divination technique similar to table turning and planchette
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very