why; how; for what reason
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
call; summons; convening; convocation
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to respond; to answer; to accept (an invitation, offer, etc.); to comply with (a request, etc.); to suit; to match
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to refuse; to reject; to decline; to prevent (from doing); to deny (e.g. access); to block
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what
chance; stroke of luck; (curious) turn of events
unexpected; surprising; unanticipated; strange; unforeseen
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is that so?; I see; right; oh
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
commander; general; leader
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)