ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
play; recreation; play (theatre); performance; staging; praying
continuation; continuance; going on; resuming
connivance; tacit consent; toleration; acquiescence
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
serious; severe; grave; acute
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
alternation; change; relief; relay; shift; substitution (sports, etc.)
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
duty; obligation; responsibility
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to stay within bounds; to not take (something) to extremes; to not get carried away; to not go too far
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more