request; favour (to ask); wish; please
absurd; unreasonable; extreme; senseless; disorderly; chaotic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
serious; not joking; straight
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
not bad; not half bad; pretty good
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(outward) appearance; (proper) format (e.g. of an essay); form; appearances; decency; lip-service
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
ban on entering (a building, venue, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to sever; to cut off; to suppress; to eradicate; to abstain (from); to give up
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case