why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
date (with someone); (social) outing (for two); date night; date (day)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to put clothes on (someone); to dress; to cover; to coat; to pin (e.g. a crime on someone); to lay (blame)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
one more time; once more; once again
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to leave behind; to put off; to postpone
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that